Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bárˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-.

Verb

*bòrti

1. to fight (transitive)
2. (reflexive) to struggle (reflexive)

Inflection

Conjugation of *borti, *bor, *bořetь (impf., -C/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bortьje	*borti	*bortъ	*borlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bortъ	*bořemъ
Active	*borvъ	*bořę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*borxъ	*bor	*bor	*bořǫ	*bořeši	*bořetь
Dual	*borxově	*borsta	*borste	*bořevě	*bořeta	*bořete
Plural	*borxomъ	*borste	*boršę	*bořemъ	*bořete	*bořǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bořaaxъ	*bořaaše	*bořaaše	—	*boři	*boři
Dual	*bořaaxově	*bořaašeta	*bořaašete	*bořivě	*bořita	—
Plural	*bořaaxomъ	*bořaašete	*bořaaxǫ	*bořimъ	*bořite	—

Notes:
• (*)*borjenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Derived terms

• *bȏrnь (“resistance, battle”)
• *borьcь (“fighter, wrestler”)
• *bořakъ (“winner of a fight”)
• *borьba (“clash, fight”)
• *boriti (“to wrestle, to fight”)
• *boraviti (“to utilize”) (possibly)
• *barati (“to seek, to examine”) (possibly)
• *bornìti (“to defend, to protect”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: бороти (boroti)
    • ⇒ Russian: боро́ться (borótʹsja)
    • Ukrainian: боро́ти (boróty), боро́тися (borótysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: брати (brati)
  • Bulgarian: бо́ря (bórja)
  • Serbo-Croatian: bòriti/бо̀рити
  • Slovene: borīti
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: bróć (dialectal)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wobróćso
    • Lower Sorbian: wobrojś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бороться”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*borti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 213
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “боря се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 69