Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/daviti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• Uhlenbeck, Miklosič, Vasmer: Cognate with Proto-Germanic *dawjaną (“to die”), Latin fūnus (“death”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬎𐬎- (dauu-, “to crush, to oppress”) (attested as 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬛𐬍 (duuaidī, 1 du. past middle)). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰōh₂w- + *-iti, from *dʰeh₂w- (per Derksen); elsewhere reconstructed as *dʰew- (“to die”). Further akin to Ancient Greek Ζεὺς θαύλιος (Zeùs thaúlios, “Zeus the strangler? (Phrygian god)”), Phrygian δάος (dáos, “wolf”).
• Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to plunge, to deplete”), with cognates Ancient Greek δύω (dúō, “to sink”), δέω (déō, “to lack”), Proto-West Germanic *teuʀōn (“to cease, to tire”).

Most West Slavic languages have intruded an unetymological *-l- to the onset of the root, probably influenced by the reflexes of Proto-Slavic *dolbiti (“to carve”).

Verb

*dāvìti impf

1. to press, to plunge
2. (transitive) to throttle, to suffocate, to strangle

   Synonym: *dušiti

3. (reflexive) (+ *sę) to drown, to choke

Inflection

Conjugation of *daviti, *davi, *davitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*davľenьje	*daviti	*davitъ	*davilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*davľenъ	*davimъ
Active	*davľь	*davę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*davixъ	*davi	*davi	*davľǫ	*daviši	*davitь
Dual	*davixově	*davista	*daviste	*davivě	*davita	*davite
Plural	*davixomъ	*daviste	*davišę	*davimъ	*davite	*davętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*davľaaxъ	*davľaaše	*davľaaše	—	*davi	*davi
Dual	*davľaaxově	*davľaašeta	*davľaašete	*davivě	*davita	—
Plural	*davľaaxomъ	*davľaašete	*davľaaxǫ	*davimъ	*davite	—

Notes:
• (*)*davivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *davežь
• *davidlo
• *udavьnikъ m, *udavьnica f (“drowner”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дави́ти (davíti)
    • Old Ruthenian: дави́ти (davíti)
      • Belarusian: даві́ць (davícʹ)
      • Ukrainian: дави́ти (davýty)
    • Russian: дави́ть (davítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: давити (daviti)

    Glagolitic script: ⰴⰰⰲⰺⱅⰺ (daviti)

  • Bulgarian: да́вя (dávja)
  • Macedonian: дави (davi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: да́вити

    Latin script: dáviti

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): då̄vȉti
  • Slovene: dáviti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dláviti
    • Czech: dávit
  • Kashubian: dławic
  • Polabian: dovĕ
  • Old Polish: dawić
    • Polish: dławić
  • Slovak: dáviť, dláviť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: dawić, dajić
    • Lower Sorbian: dawiś, dajiś

References

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “дави́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 230
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дави́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*daviti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 198
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “давя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 313