Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/goniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gánīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European gʷʰon-éye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill, strike”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ganýti (“to graze, to pasture”), Latvian ganît (“to guard, to pasture”), Lithuanian giñti (“to chase, to drive”) (1sg. genù), also gìnti (1sg. ginù), Latvian dzìt (“to chase, to drive, to persecute”) (1sg. dzȩnu), Old Prussian guntwei (“to chase, to drive”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to strike, to kill”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (jainti), Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”), Albanian gjuaj (“to chase”), Old Irish gonaid (“to injure”).

Verb

*gonìti impf

1. to chase
2. to persecute

Inflection

Conjugation of *goniti, *goni, *gonitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*goňenьje	*goniti	*gonitъ	*gonilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*goňenъ	*gonimъ
Active	*goňь	*gonę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gonixъ	*goni	*goni	*goňǫ	*goniši	*gonitь
Dual	*gonixově	*gonista	*goniste	*gonivě	*gonita	*gonite
Plural	*gonixomъ	*goniste	*gonišę	*gonimъ	*gonite	*gonętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*goňaaxъ	*goňaaše	*goňaaše	—	*goni	*goni
Dual	*goňaaxově	*goňaašeta	*goňaašete	*gonivě	*gonita	—
Plural	*goňaaxomъ	*goňaašete	*goňaaxǫ	*gonimъ	*gonite	—

Notes:
• (*)*gonivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *gъnàti (“to chase, to persecute”)
• *gaňati (“to chase, to persecute (iterative)”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гонити (goniti)
    • Belarusian: гані́ць (hanícʹ) (dialectal)
    • Russian: гони́ть (gonítʹ) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: гонити (honyty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: гонити (goniti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)
  • Macedonian: гони (goni)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: го̀нити

    Latin script: gòniti

  • Slovene: gonīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: honiti
    • Czech: honit
  • Kashubian: gònic
  • Polish: gonić
  • Silesian: gōnić
  • Slovak: honiť
  • Slovincian: gônjic
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: honić
    • Lower Sorbian: góniś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гнать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 194
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гоню́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*goniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 23