Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/plaviti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *pluti +‎ *-iti (causative), from Proto-Indo-European *plew- and/or *pleh₃-. Per Derksen, possibly conflated into *pleh₃(w)-. Cognate with Sanskrit प्लावयति (plāvayati, “to cause to float, to flood”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuaiieⁱti, “to cause to leave”), and the past-stem of Lithuanian pláuti (“to wash, to rinse”) (1sg. pres. pláuju, 1sg. past plóviau). Further akin to Ancient Greek πλώω (plṓō, “to float, to sail”), Proto-Germanic *flōaną (whence Old Norse flóa (“to flow”), English flow), etc.

Verb

*plàviti

1. to float, to sail
2. to flood
3. to wash, to rinse
4. to melt

Inflection

Conjugation of *plaviti, *plavi, *plavitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*plavľenьje	*plaviti	*plavitъ	*plavilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*plavľenъ	*plavimъ
Active	*plavľь	*plavę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*plavixъ	*plavi	*plavi	*plavľǫ	*plaviši	*plavitь
Dual	*plavixově	*plavista	*plaviste	*plavivě	*plavita	*plavite
Plural	*plavixomъ	*plaviste	*plavišę	*plavimъ	*plavite	*plavętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*plavľaaxъ	*plavľaaše	*plavľaaše	—	*plavi	*plavi
Dual	*plavľaaxově	*plavľaašeta	*plavľaašete	*plavivě	*plavita	—
Plural	*plavľaaxomъ	*plavľaašete	*plavľaaxǫ	*plavimъ	*plavite	—

Notes:
• (*)*plavivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *plàvati (“to swim, to sail”)
• *pluti (“to swim, to sail”)
• *plyti (“to swim, to sail”)
• *plūtò (“flotsam”)
• *plъ̀tъ (“raft”)

Descendants

• Old Church Slavonic: плавитися (plavitisja, “to sail”)

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: пла́вить (plávitʹ, “to melt”)
  • Ukrainian: плавити (plavyty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: пла́вя (plávja, “to rinse”) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: плави (plavi, “to rinse, to wash, to flood”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пла̏вити (“to flood”)

    Latin: plȁviti (“to flood”), ploviti (“to sail”)

  • Slovene: plavíti (“to flood, to sail, to melt”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: plavit (“to float, to bathe (horses or cattle), to scour, to navigate”)
  • Polish: pławić (“to bathe (horses or cattle); (archaic) to melt”), spławić (“to transport by water”)
  • Slovak: plaviť (“to float”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: pławić
    • Lower Sorbian: pławiś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пла́вить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пла̀вя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 290