Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zvizdati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Alternative forms edit

*gvizdati (West Slavic)

Etymology edit

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (“to hiss”). Compare Latin sibilus (“hissing, whistling”), Hindi सीटी (sīṭī, “whistle”), Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”).

Verb edit

*zvizdati impf (perfective *zviznǫti)^[1]^[2]

to whistle

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of *zvizdati, *zvizda, *zvizdajetь (impf., intr., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zvizdanьje	*zvizdati	*zvizdatъ	*zvizdalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*zvizdavъ	*zvizdaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zvizdaxъ	*zvizda	*zvizda	*zvizdajǫ	*zvizdaješi	*zvizdajetь
Dual	*zvizdaxově	*zvizdasta	*zvizdaste	*zvizdajevě	*zvizdajeta	*zvizdajete
Plural	*zvizdaxomъ	*zvizdaste	*zvizdašę	*zvizdajemъ	*zvizdajete	*zvizdajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zvizdaaxъ	*zvizdaaše	*zvizdaaše	—	*zvizdaji	*zvizdaji
Dual	*zvizdaaxově	*zvizdaašeta	*zvizdaašete	*zvizdajivě	*zvizdajita	—
Plural	*zvizdaaxomъ	*zvizdaašete	*zvizdaaxǫ	*zvizdajimъ	*zvizdajite	—

Derived terms edit

nouns

*zvizdъ m (“whistle”)
*zvizďь m (“whistle”)

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: звиздати (zvizdati)
South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: звиздати (zvizdati)
- Bulgarian: зви́здя (zvízdja) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: ѕвизди (dzvizdi) (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Macedonian: ѕвиска (dzviska) (+ *-kati)
- Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)
  Cyrillic script: звѝздати
  
  Latin script: zvìzdati
- Slovene: zvízdati (tonal orthography)

From dialectal variant *zvizg-ěti > *zvižďžati:

South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: звѝждати
  
  Latin script: zvìždati
  - Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: zvižjot, žvižjot
- Slovene: žvížgati (tonal orthography)

References edit

^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gvizdati”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 315
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “žvížgati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *zvizdě̋ti, [...] *zvizda̋ti”

Further reading edit

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvizdati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 183
Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “gwizdać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 190
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “звиздя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 622

[1] Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gvizdati”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 315

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016) “žvížgati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *zvizdě̋ti, [...] *zvizda̋ti”

[1]

[2]