Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/arkan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Possibly an alternative form of *urkan. Alternatively, Róna-Tas suggests a derivation from *ar- comparing Turkish argaç, Karakhanid اَرْقاغْ (arkāğ, “woof of a woven material”) and Karakhanid اَرِشْ (arïš, “the wrap of a woven material”).

Noun

*arkan

1. (Karluk Turkic, Kipchak Turkic) rope

   Synonyms: *uruk, *urkan, *ȫrken

Declension

Declension of *arkan

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*arkan
Accusative	*arkannï, *arkanïg 4), *arkannïg 1)
Genitive	*arkannïŋ
Dative	*arkanka
Locative	*arkanta
Ablative	*arkantan
Allative	*arkangaru
Instrumental 2)	*arkanïn
Equative 2)	*arkanča
Similative 2)	*arkanlayu
Comitative 2)	*arkanlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: [script needed] (arqan)
    • Uyghur: ئارقان (arqan), ئارغامچا (arghamcha)
    • Uzbek: arqon
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: арҡан (arqan)
    • Tatar: аркан (arkan)
    • → Russian: аркан (arkan)
      • → Ingrian: arkkana
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: арқан (arqan)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: аркан (arkan)
      • Southern Altai: аркан (arkan)
  • → Hungarian: árkány

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume IV, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 34
• Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 74-76