Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/boyïn

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

The form *bōń, suggested by Rasanen and ESTJa, is fixed by Chuvash and North Siberian descendants and the initial m- in some descendants.

Going off DLT, Clauson and Nishanyan reconstructs it as *bōyïn instead.

ESTJa also suggests a derivation *bod (“stature”) +‎ *-ïn, however this is morphologically impossible, as not only is there no *-n denominal noun suffix, the suffix that does exist has fourfold vowel harmony, ontop of that no descendent phonetically points to it.

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *moń- (“neck”) by Altaicists.

Noun

*boyïn

1. (anatomy) neck

Declension

Declension of *boyïn

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*boyïn
Accusative	*boyïnnï, *boyïnug 4), *boyïnnïg 1)
Genitive	*boyïnnïŋ
Dative	*boyïnka
Locative	*boyïnta
Ablative	*boyïntan
Allative	*boyïngaru
Instrumental 2)	*boyïnun
Equative 2)	*boyïnča
Similative 2)	*boyïnlayu
Comitative 2)	*boyïnlugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-čuk (“bead”)
• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-duruk (“yoke”)
• ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-a- (“to narrow; to be obstinate”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōńa-k (“a narrow pass”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: мӑй (măj)
• Common Turkic: *bōń, *bōyn

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: bôyın
• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: boyun
      • Ottoman Turkish: بوین (boyun)
        • Gagauz: boyun
        • Turkish: boyun
  • Oghuz-Uyghur:
    • Salar: boyun
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: boýun
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (boyın)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (moyun)
      • Uyghur: بويۇن‎ (boyun‎)
      • Uzbek: bo'yin
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: муйын (muyın)
    • Tatar: муйын (muyın)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Crimeaic Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: moyun
      • Urum: боин (boin)
    • Karachay-Balkar: боюн (boyun)
    • Karaim: бойун
    • Kumyk: боюн (boyun)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: moyın
    • Kazakh: мойын (moiyn)
    • Nogai: мойын (moyın)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: моюн (moyun)
    • Southern Altai: мойын (moyïn)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: bwyyn (boyïn)
      • Western Yugur: mojn
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: муой (muoy)
    • Yakut: моой (mooy)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: мөэн
      • Tuvan: моюн (moyun)
    • Yeniseian Turkic:
      • Khakas: мойын (moyın)
      • Shor: мойун

References

• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 233-234
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, page 180
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 80
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bōjn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “boyın”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 386
• Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 85
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “boyun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük