Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kul

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic edit

Noun edit

*kul

(Common Turkic) slave, servant^[1]

Declension edit

Declension of *kul (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*kul	*kullar
accusative
genitive	*kulnïŋ	*kullarnïŋ
dative	*kulka	*kullarka
locative	*kulda	*kullarda
ablative	*kuldan	*kullardan
instrumental¹⁾		*kullarïn
equative¹⁾	*kulča	*kullarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants edit

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: قل
  - Azerbaijani: qul
  - Ottoman Turkish: قول
    - Turkish: kul
- Turkmen: gul
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قُلْ (qul, “slave”)
  - Uzbek: qul
  - Uyghur: قۇل (qul)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡол (qol)
  - Tatar: кол (qol)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: qul
  - Karachay-Balkar: къул (qul)
  - Kumyk: къул (qul)
- Kipchak-Nogai
  - Kazakh: құл (qūl)
- Kyrgyz–Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: кул (kul)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: кулут
  - Yakut: кулут (kulut)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: хул (xul)

References edit

^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1]