Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tiakïgu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tiakï +‎ *-gu. Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *takïxa (“hen”), Khitan [script needed] (teqoa, “hen”) and Proto-Tungusic *tiaku (“hen”), but they might be interdialectal loans ultimately going back to the Proto-Turkic form.

Noun

*tiakïgu

1. hen, fowl

Declension

Declension of *tiakïgu

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tiakïgu
Accusative	*tiakïgunï, *tiakïgug 4), *tiakïgunïg 1)
Genitive	*tiakïgunïŋ
Dative	*tiakïguka
Locative	*tiakïguda
Ablative	*tiakïgudan
Allative	*tiakïgugaru
Instrumental 2)	*tiakïgun
Equative 2)	*tiakïguča
Similative 2)	*tiakïgulayu
Comitative 2)	*tiakïgulugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Serbi—Mongolic:
  • →? Proto-Mongolic: *takïxa
    • Mongolian: тахиа (taxia)
    • → Tuvan: дагаа (dagaa)
  • →? Khitan: [script needed] (teqoa)
• →? Proto-Tungusic: *tiaku
  • Manchu: ᠴᠣᡴᠣ (coko)
• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: توح (tox) (as in توحجِ (toxçı))
    • Chuvash: чӑх (čăh)
  • Danube Bulgar: тох
  • → Hungarian: tyúk
• Common Turkic: *taqïɣu

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: toyuq
    • Ottoman Turkish: طاوق (tavuk)
      • Turkish: tavuk
      • Gagauz: tauk
  • Salar: tox
  • Turkmen: towuk
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: تَقاغُو (taqāɣū)
    • Khorezmian: طاوق (tavuq)
      • Chagatai: تاغوق (taɣuq), تاوق (tawuq)
        • Uzbek: tovuq
        • Uyghur: توخۇ (toxu)
• Kipchak:
  • Armeno-Kipchak: դավուխ (tavuχ), դավուղ (tavuɣ)
  • Kipchak: tauc (tawuq)
  • Mamluk-Kipchak: طاووق (ṭawuq)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: tavuq
    • Karachay-Balkar: тауукъ (tauuq)
    • Kumyk: тавукъ (tawuq)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тауыҡ (tawıq)
    • Tatar: тавык (tawıq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: тауық (tauyq)
      • Nogai тавык (tavık)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: тоок (took)
      • Southern Altai: така (taka), таак (taak)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: tʾqyγw (taqïɣu)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut:
    • Dolgan:
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: таңах (tañax)
      • Western Yugur: tahɢa, tahɢaɣə

See also

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ït	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

Further reading

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*t`i̯àk`à”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “takı:ğu:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 468