Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/barm

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap”).

Noun

*barm m

1. lap
2. bosom

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*barm
Genitive	*barmas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*barm	*barmō, *barmōs
Accusative	*barm	*barmā
Genitive	*barmas	*barmō
Dative	*barmē	*barmum
Instrumental	*barmu	*barmum

Descendants

• Old English: bearm
  • Middle English: barm, barme, bearm, berm, berme
    • English: barm
    • Scots: berme, berm, barm
• Old Frisian: *barm
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: barmbracco
• Old Saxon: barm
  • Middle Low German: barme
• Old High German: barm
  • Middle High German: barm, barn, parm
    • German: Barm

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“edge”).

Noun

*barm m

1. border, edge
2. bank

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*barm
Genitive	*barmas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*barm	*barmō, *barmōs
Accusative	*barm	*barmā
Genitive	*barmas	*barmō
Dative	*barmē	*barmum
Instrumental	*barmu	*barmum

Descendants

• Old Frisian: *barm, *berm
  • West Frisian: barm, berm
• Old Saxon: *barm
  • Middle Low German: barm, berme
    • German Low German: Berme
      • → German: Berme
• Old Dutch: *barm
  • Middle Dutch: barm, barem, baerm
    • Dutch: berm
      • → French: berme
        • → English: berm