barn
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- enPR: bärn, IPA(key): /bɑɹn/
- (General American, Ireland) IPA(key): [bɑɹn], [bɑɻn]
- (Scotland) IPA(key): [baɾn]
- (NYC) IPA(key): [bɒən]
- (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA(key): [bɑːn]
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- (New Zealand, parts of England) IPA(key): [bɐːn]
- (General Australian, Wales, Boston) IPA(key): [baːn]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)n
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).
For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.
Noun edit
barn (plural barns)
- (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
- 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XI, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
- One day I was out in the barn and he drifted in. I was currying the horse and he set down on the wheelbarrow and begun to ask questions.
- (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres.
- (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.
- Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.
- (slang) A warm and cozy place, especially a bedroom; a roost.
Derived terms edit
- around Robin Hood's barn
- barnboard
- barnburner, barn burner, Barnburner
- barn cat
- barn dance, barn dancing
- barndominium
- barndoor, barn door, barn doors
- barn egg
- barn find
- barnfloor
- barnful
- barnlike
- barn owl
- barnraising
- barn raising
- barn red
- barnstar, barn-star, barn star
- barnstorm, barnstormer, barnstorming
- barn swallow
- barnyard
- Besses o' th' Barn
- big as a barn
- bit by a barn mouse
- born in a barn
- bus barn
- carbarn, car barn
- Dutch barn
- haybarn
- housebarn, house-barn, house barn
- Long Barn
- milking barn
- nanobarn
- not be able to hit the broad side of a barn
- Pennsylvania barn
- pony in the barn
- raised in a barn
- show barn
- smell the barn
- tithebarn, tithe barn
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also edit
Verb edit
barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)
- (transitive) To lay up in a barn.
- Synonym: (obsolete) imbarn
- 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: […] Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, […], →OCLC, line 859:
- But like still-pining Tantalus he sits / And useless barns the harvest of his wits
- 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times; Good Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, published 1863, page 165:
- Hypocrites, in like manner, so act holiness that they pass for saints before men, whose censures often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, progeny”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate to Frisian bern ("child/children"), Middle Dutch baren (“child”).
Noun edit
barn (plural barns)
- (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child.
Synonyms edit
- (child): bairn
Translations edit
References edit
- “barn”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “barn”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Breton edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.
Verb edit
barn
- (transitive) To judge.
Inflection edit
Conjugation edit
Personal forms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | Conditional | Imperative | |||||
Present | Imperfect | Preterite | Future | Present | Imperfect | ||
1s | barnan | barnen | barnis | barnin | barnfen | barnjen | - |
2s | barnez | barnes | barnjout | barni | barnfes | barnjes | barn |
3s | barn | barne | barnas | barno | barnfe | barnje | barnet |
1p | barnomp | barnemp | barnjomp | barnimp | barnfemp | barnjemp | barnomp |
2p | barnit | barnec'h | barnjoc'h | barnot | barnfec'h | barnjec'h | barnit |
3p | barnont | barnent | barnjont | barnint | barnfent | barnjent | barnent |
0 | barner | barned | barnjod | barnor | barnfed | barnjed | - |
Impersonal forms | Mutated forms | ||||||
Infinitive | barn | Soft mutation after a | a varn- | ||||
Present participle | o varn | Mixed mutation after e | e varn- | ||||
Past participle | barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout) | Soft mutation after ne/na | ne/na varn- |
Derived terms edit
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn)
- child (immature human)
- Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn.
- This is not a fitting place for children.
- Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn.
- child (human offspring)
- Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra.
- My children have all moved out.
- Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra.
Usage notes edit
In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- adoptivbarn
- barnagtig
- barnagtighed
- barndom
- barnealder
- barneansigt
- barnebarn
- barnebillet
- barnecykel
- barnedåb
- barnefader
- barnefar
- barnefødsel
- barnefødt
- barnehoved
- barnekammer
- barnemad
- barnemoder
- barnemor
- barnemord
- barnepige
- barnepleje
- barnerov
- barnerumpe
- barneseng
- barneske
- barneskefuld
- barnesko
- barneskole
- barnesprog
- barnestjerne
- barnestol
- barnesæde
- barnetro
- barnevogn
- barneår
- barnlig
- barnlille
- barnløs
- barnsben
- brystbarn
- bysbarn
- børnearbejde
- børnebegrænsning
- børnebibliotek
- børnebidrag
- børnebillet
- børnebog
- børnebogsforfatter
- børnebogsforfatterinde
- børnecheck
- børnecykel
- børnedødelighed
- børneernæring
- børnefamilie
- børnefjendsk
- børnefjendtlig
- børneflok
- børneforsorg
- børneforsorgspædagog
- børnefødselsdag
- børneglad
- børnehave
- børnehaveklasse
- børnehavepædagog
- børnehjem
- børnehjælpsdag
- børnehospital
- børnehøjde
- børneinstitution
- børnekultur
- børnelammelse
- børnelokker
- børnelæge
- børnelærdom
- børnemad
- børnemisbrug
- børnemisbruger
- børnemishandling
- børneopdragelse
- børneopsparing
- børneorm
- børneparkering
- børnepasning
- børnepasser
- børnepenge
- børneporno
- børnepsykiater
- børnepsykiatri
- børnepsykiatrisk
- børnepsykolog
- børnepsykologi
- børnepsykologisk
- børnerig
- børnerigtig
- børnesang
- børnesikker
- børnesikre
- børnesikring
- børneskole
- børnesprog
- børnesygdom
- børnesæde
- børnesår
- børneteater
- børnetegning
- børnetilskud
- børnetække
- børnetøj
- børneven
- børnevenlig
- børneværelse
- børneværn
- børneægteskab
- børneår
- børn og unge-udvalg
- DAMP-barn
- delebarn
- diebarn
- elleveårsbarn
- elveårsbarn
- enebarn
- feriebarn
- flaskebarn
- fællesbarn
- fødselsdagsbarn
- førskolebarn
- gadebarn
- gammelmandsbarn
- gudbarn
- gudebarn
- hittebarn
- hjertebarn
- kælebarn
- legebarn
- mongolbarn
- niårsbarn
- næstsøskendebarn
- nøglebarn
- oldebarn
- pattebarn
- pigebarn
- plejebarn
- problembarn
- reagensglasbarn
- rhesusbarn
- skilsmissebarn
- skolebarn
- skødebarn
- smertensbarn
- småbarn
- spædbarn
- stedbarn
- svagbørn
- svagbørnskoloni
- svigerbørn
- svøbelsebarn
- svøbelsesbarn
- særbarn
- søndagsbarn
- søskendebarn
- tipoldebarn
- toårsbarn
- troldebarn
- vidunderbarn
- ægtebarn
- ønskebarn
References edit
- “barn” in Den Danske Ordbog
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn)
Declension edit
Declension of barn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n5 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | barn | barnið | børn | børnini |
accusative | barn | barnið | børn | børnini |
dative | barni | barninum | børnum | børnunum |
genitive | barns | barnsins | barna | barnanna |
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
barn m (plural barns)
- (physics) barn (unit)
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
barn
- Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from English barn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn m (invariable)
- (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area)
Further reading edit
- barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn (plural barnes or barnen)
- A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny.
- A child, youth, or baby.
- c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne[1], London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:
- Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped […]
- Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]
- A person; a member of humanity.
- A younger soldier or fighter.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “bā̆rn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-25.
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
barn
- Alternative form of bern (“barn”)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “barn” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This umlaut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna)
Inflection edit
Historical inflection of barn
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- bera (“to bear, carry”, verb)
References edit
- “barn” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Noun edit
barn n (genitive barns, plural børn)
Descendants edit
- Danish: barn
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn.
Noun edit
barn n
Declension edit
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | barn | barn |
accusative | barn | barn |
genitive | barnes | barno |
dative | barne | barnum |
instrumental | barnu | — |
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Noun edit
barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “barn”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn.
Noun edit
barn n
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | barn | barn |
accusative | barn | barn |
genitive | barnes | barnō |
dative | barne | barnun |
instrumental | — | — |
Old Swedish edit
Alternative forms edit
- ᛒᛆᚱᚿ (Runic)
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.
Noun edit
barn n
Declension edit
The template Template:gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-n does not use the parameter(s):acc_pl=barn, børn acc_pl_d=barnin, børnin nom_pl=barn, børn nom_pl_d=barnin, børninPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Descendants edit
- Swedish: barn
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn m inan
- (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Spanish edit
Noun edit
barn m (plural barns)
Further reading edit
- “barn”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn n
- a child (young person)
- Barnen leker
- The children are playing
- Han är bara ett barn / Han är bara barnet
- He is only a child ("Bara vara barnet" (literally, "only be the child") is an alternative way to express the same thing)
- a child (son or daughter)
- Du är mitt barn
- You are my child
- adoptivbarn
- adopted children
- (figuratively) a child (descendant, indirectly, for example in religious contexts)
- (figuratively) a child (follower, like above)
- Guds barn
- God's children
- (figuratively) a child (someone's creation or the like)
- (uncountable) barn (a unit of area in nuclear physics)
Declension edit
Declension of barn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | barn | barnet | barn | barnen |
Genitive | barns | barnets | barns | barnens |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- barnablick
- barnblick
- barnadödlighet
- barndödlighet
- barnafader
- barnafar
- barnafrom
- barnafödande
- barnaföderska
- barnafödsel
- barnaga
- barnahand
- barnalstring
- barnamord
- barnamördare
- barnansikte
- barnantal
- barnarbetare
- barnarbete
- barnarov
- barnrov
- barnaröst
- barnasinne
- barnaskap
- barnaskara
- barnskara
- barnatro
- barnavård
- barnaår
- barnår
- barnaöga
- barnöga
- barnbarn
- barnbarnsbarn
- barnbassäng
- barnbeck
- barnbegränsning
- barnberättelse
- barnbespisning
- barnbibliotek
- barnbidrag
- barnbiljett
- barnbjudning
- barnblöja
- barnbok
- barnby
- barnbördshus
- barnbördsklinik
- barncykel
- barndag
- barndaghem
- barndom
- barndop
- barnfamilj
- barnfest
- barnfilm
- barnflicka
- barnfond
- barnfödd
- barnförbjuda
- barnföreställning
- barnförlamning
- barngrupp
- barngudstjänst
- barnhage
- barnhem
- barnhuvud
- barnhälsovård
- barnjungfru
- barnkalas
- barnkammare
- barnkirurgi
- barnklinik
- barnkläder
- barnkoloni
- barnkonfektion
- barnkonto
- barnkonvention
- barnkrubba
- barnkull
- barnkultur
- barnkunskap
- barnkupé
- barnkär
- barnkör
- barnledig
- barnlek
- barnlitteratur
- barnläkare
- barnlös
- barnlöshet
- barnmat
- barnmedicin
- barnmedicinsk
- barnmisshandel
- barnmorska
- barnmottagning
- barnolycksfall
- barnombudsman
- barnomsorg
- barnopera
- barnoverall
- barnparkering
- barnpassning
- barnpension
- barnperspektiv
- barnpiga
- barnpornografi
- barnporr
- barnprogram
- barnprostitution
- barnpsykiater
- barnpsykiatri
- barnpsykiatrisk
- barnpsykolog
- barnpsykologi
- barnpuder
- barnramsa
- barnrik
- barnrikeshus
- barnrumpa
- barnröst
- barnsaga
- barnsak
- barnsben
- barnsbörd
- barnsele
- barnsits
- barnsjukdom
- barnsjukhus
- barnsjuksköterska
- barnsjukvård
- barnsko
- barnskrik
- barnskydd
- barnskötare
- barnsköterska
- barnskötsel
- barnslig
- barnsnöd
- barnsoldat
- barnspråk
- barnstadium
- barnstol
- barnstorlek
- barnstuga
- barnsäker
- barnsäng
- barnsöl
- barnteater
- barnteckning
- barntillsyn
- barntillåten
- barntillägg
- barntimma
- barntimme
- barnträdgårdslärare
- barntvätt
- barnunge
- barnuppfostran
- barnvagn
- barnvakt
- barnverksamhet
- barnvisa
- barnvälling
- barnvänlig
- barnår
- barnäktenskap
- barnöga
- brorsbarn
- dibarn
- kasta ut barnet med badvattnet
- kärt barn har många namn
- maskrosbarn (dandelion kid)
- nyckelbarn
- skäggbarn
- småbarn
- spädbarn
- systerbarn
- särbarn
- särkullbarn
- underbarn
See also edit
References edit
- barn in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- barn in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- barn in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- barn in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *barnati from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barn f (plural barnau)
Derived terms edit
- barnu (“to adjudge; to pass sentence”)
- Dydd y Farn (“Judgement Day”)
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
barn | unchanged | ||
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |