Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gaist
Proto-West Germanic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysd-os, from *ǵʰeysd- (“anger, agitation”). Cognate with Sanskrit हेड (héḍa).
Noun edit
Inflection edit
Masculine a-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *gaist | |
Genitive | *gaistas | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *gaist | *gaistō, *gaistōs |
Accusative | *gaist | *gaistā |
Genitive | *gaistas | *gaistō |
Dative | *gaistē | *gaistum |
Instrumental | *gaistu | *gaistum |
Descendants edit
- Old English: gāst, gǣst, gaast
- Old Frisian: gāst, gēst
- Old Saxon: gēst, *gast
- Old Dutch: geist, *gēst, gast
- Old High German: geist, gheist, keist
References edit
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “*gaist”
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Geist”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 253: “wg. *gaista-”