arx
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
From Common Turkic *ārïk (“aryk, ditch; river, creek, brook”), from Proto-Turkic *ār-~*ar-~*ïr- (“to flow”), whence also Azerbaijani irmaq (“river”).[1]
Cognates
Noun edit
arx (definite accusative arxı, plural arxlar)
- irrigation ditch
- gutter
- Synonym: qanov
Declension edit
Declension of arx | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | arx |
arxlar | ||||||
definite accusative | arxı |
arxları | ||||||
dative | arxa |
arxlara | ||||||
locative | arxda |
arxlarda | ||||||
ablative | arxdan |
arxlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | arxın |
arxların |
Descendants edit
- → Armenian: արխ (arx)
References edit
- ^ Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 187-189
Further reading edit
- “arx” in Obastan.com.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”). Cognates include Latin arca (“chest, box”), arceō (“I defend”), arcānus (“hidden, secret”), arcera (“covered carriage for sick people”), Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
arx f (genitive arcis); third declension
- stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis
- Vergil, Aeneid, 2.56:
- ... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.
- ... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure.
- ... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.
- (figuratively) defence, protection, refuge, bulwark
- tyranny (with arx as the abode of tyrants)
- Vergil, Aeneid, 2.56:
- (metonymically) height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)
- 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.72:
- venit in hōc illa fulmen ab arce caput.
- It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.
(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)
- It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.
- venit in hōc illa fulmen ab arce caput.
Declension edit
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | arx | arcēs |
Genitive | arcis | arcium |
Dative | arcī | arcibus |
Accusative | arcem | arcēs arcīs |
Ablative | arce | arcibus |
Vocative | arx | arcēs |
References edit
- “arx”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “arx”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- arx in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- arx in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “arx”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “arx”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929) Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
- “arx”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin