cét-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "cet"
Middle Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish cét-, from Proto-Celtic *kentus (“first”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to begin”).
Prefix edit
cét-
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cét- | chét- | cét- pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 cét-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
A conflation of two prefixes.
- The usual prefix meaning "first" is essentially a prefixed stem form of Proto-Celtic *kentus (“first”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to begin”). See also the related cétnae (“first”).
- A different prefix meaning "with", attested in only two or so word families, is from Proto-Celtic *kanta, derives from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”), and is cognate with Welsh gan (“with”) and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against, downwards”).
Prefix edit
cét- (pretonic ceta-)
- first
- cét- (“first”) + cin (“crime”) → cétchin (“first crime”)
- cét- (“first”) + aín (“fast”) → cétaín (“Wednesday”, literally “first fasting”)
- cét- (“first”) + id- (“it”) (relative) + do·rigni (“who have done”) → cetid·deirgni (“who have done it first”)
- cét- (“first”) + ro·chreti (“who had believed”) → ceta·ruchreti (“who had first believed”)
- (rare) with
Usage notes edit
- This prefix, in the form cét, is attached to nouns, while ceta- is attached to relative verbs. When prefixed to nouns, lenition is triggered on the root word.
- The verbal prefixation of the prefix meaning "with" is one-of-a-kind, only occurring to make ceta·bí (“to feel”).
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cét- | chét- | cét- pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 cét-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 cét-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ceta-, cita-, ciata-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language