hapax legomenon
English edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek ἅπαξ λεγόμενον (hápax legómenon, “(something) said only once”), from ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”) and λεγόμενον (legómenon), passive participle of λέγω (légō, “say”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌhæ.pæks ləˈɡɒ.məˌnɒn/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˌhæ.pæks ləˈɡɑ.məˌnɑn/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒmənɒn
- Hyphenation: ha‧pax le‧go‧me‧non
Noun edit
hapax legomenon (plural hapax legomena)
- (linguistics) A word occurring only once in a given corpus.
- Synonym: hapax
- Coordinate terms: googlewhack, nonce word, sui generis
- [2000, Steven Pinker, Words and Rules, →ISBN, page 172:
- There is a lovely technical term for a word that appears once in a body of text: a hapax legomenon (plural: hapax legomena), Greek for “once said.” The term comes from philology, the study of old texts.]
- 2005, Hanna Kahana, Esther: Juxtaposition of the Septuagint Translation with the Hebrew Text, page 129, footnote:
- In our case this means that πρωτοβαθρέω is an absolute hapax legomenon, if one assumes that the occurrences of βάθρον in Isa and διαβάθρη in Sam II are the result of corruptions.
- 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide[1], page 5:
- The research discovered 510 different terms. Of these 164 (approximately 32%) were hapax legomena (i.e., there was only once instance in the data), while 107 (approximately 21%) were attested by 10 or more citations.
Usage notes edit
The corpus in question is generally implied by context. Commonly it will be one of:
- a known corpus of a given language
- the works of a given author
- a particular work
- a book of the Bible
Related terms edit
Translations edit
word occurring only once
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Further reading edit
- hapax legomenon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Category:Hapax legomena by language
German edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἅπαξ λεγόμενον (hápax legómenon). See English hapax legomenon.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hapax legomenon n (strong, genitive hapax legomenon, plural hapax legomena)
- Alternative letter-case form of Hapax Legomenon
- 1994, Jost Gippert, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- "Ein altgeorgisches hapax legomenon"
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1848, Ludwig Feuerbach, Das Wesen des Christentums - Zweiter Teil.:
- So entstehen die Werke des Genies immer nur unter ganz besondern, nur einmal so zusammentreffenden Innern und äußern Bedingungen; sie sind hapax legomena. »Einmal ist alles Wahre nur.«
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1873, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (transl. by Carl Schaarschmidt), Neue Abhandlungen über den menschlichen Verstand - Viertes Buch. Von der Erkenntnis
- Dies muß sich dann ganz ebenso verhalten, als ob das von ihnen Bemerkte zur Zahl der hapax legomena gehörte, dessen, was nur einmal gesagt worden ist, worüber Menagius ein Buch verfassen wollte.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hapax legomenon (plural hapax legomenonok)
- hapax legomenon
- 2014, László Grétsy, Anyanyelvi séták: Szavaink, neveink és szólásaink születése, életútja, titkokkal teli világa, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, →ISBN, page 34:
- Ahogy meghallottam ezt a naiv gyermeki szóalkotást, elhatároztam, hogy erről írni fogok. Nem annyira magáról a szóról, amely gyönyörűen megmutatja, hogy a kisgyerek hogyan keres és talál is fogódzókat egy általa még nem ismert, többnyire idegen szónak a megértéséhez (pici + hó + pata), hanem inkább erről a témáról, erről az ösztönös kreativitásról s annak nem csupán egyedi, egyszeri példányairól, hapax legomenonjairól, hanem többé-kevésbé társadalmivá is vált alkotásairól.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit
Possessive forms of hapax legomenon | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | hapax legomenonom | hapax legomenonjaim |
2nd person sing. | hapax legomenonod | hapax legomenonjaid |
3rd person sing. | hapax legomenonja | hapax legomenonjai |
1st person plural | hapax legomenonunk | hapax legomenonjaink |
2nd person plural | hapax legomenonotok | hapax legomenonjaitok |
3rd person plural | hapax legomenonjuk | hapax legomenonjaik |
Spanish edit
Noun edit
hapax legomenon m (uncountable)
- Alternative form of hápax legómenon