jednak

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish jednak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛdnak/
• Syllabification: jed‧nak

Conjunction

jednak

1. however

Particle

jednak

1. expresses an unexpected situation; after all

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “jednak”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎^[2] (in Kashubian), page 61
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “jednak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3]
• “jednak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Masurian

Alternative forms

• jenak

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish jednak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈjɛdnak]
• Syllabification: jed‧nak

Particle

jednak

1. expressing an unexpected situation; after all

   Synonyms: nak, naków

Conjunction

jednak

1. however

   Synonyms: nak, naków

Further reading

• Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “jednak”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎^[4], volume 3, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 88

Polish

Etymology

Clipping of jednako, from Old Polish jednako. First attested in 1500–1547.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛd.nak/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈjɛd.nak/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛdnak
• Syllabification: jed‧nak

Conjunction

jednak

1. however

   Synonyms: atoli, aliści, ale, natomiast, jednakże, niemniej

2. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
   • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[5], page 439b:

     Tamen coniunctio, Wſzákże/ yednák wżdy.

   • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[6], page 439b:

     tu tamen perge ut coepisti, Ty yednák pochadzay przedſię yákoś pocżął.

   • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[7], page 489a:

     Verum coniunctio, Ale/ wżdy/ yednák.

Particle

jednak

1. expressing an unexpected situation; after all

   Szef powiedział, że jednak musimy przyjść do biura jutro. ― The boss said that we have to come in to the office tomorrow after all.

2. (Middle Polish) indeed, really, actually

   Synonyms: naprawdę, rzeczywiście, zaprawdę

3. (Middle Polish) unfortunately

   Synonym: niestety

4. (Middle Polish) at least

   Synonym: przynajmniej

5. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
   • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[8], page 9a:

     Anantapodoton, […] Niezupełne wyrzeczenie słów/ które yednák máyą być rozumiáne.

   • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[9], page 73d:

     Currentem incitare, Nápomináć tego/ ktory yednák doſyć z ſiebie czini.

   • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[10], page 509c:

     Vti Yáko gdy. Vtique, Yednak.

   • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum‎^[11], page 111a:

     Attamen ‒ Wſzakze. Iednak

Adverb

jednak (not comparable)

1. (Middle Polish) identically

   Synonyms: jednako, jednakowo

2. (Middle Polish) unchangingly

   Synonym: niezmiennie

Descendants

• → Kashubian: jednak
• → Masurian: jednak
• → Silesian: jednak

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jednak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 76 times in news, 173 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 81 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 69th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• jednak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• jednak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• “JEDNAK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2011 March 2
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[12]
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎^[13]
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jednak”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[14] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 154

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jêdnaːk/
• Hyphenation: jed‧nak

Adjective

jȅdnāk (definite jȅdnākī, Cyrillic spelling је̏дна̄к)

1. equal, identical, same

   Broj pasa i mačaka je jednak. ― The number of cats and dogs is equal.

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jednak	jednaka	jednako
genitive		jednaka	jednake	jednaka
dative		jednaku	jednakoj	jednaku
accusative	inanimate animate	jednak jednaka	jednaku	jednako
vocative		jednak	jednaka	jednako
locative		jednaku	jednakoj	jednaku
instrumental		jednakim	jednakom	jednakim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jednaki	jednake	jednaka
genitive		jednakih	jednakih	jednakih
dative		jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)
accusative		jednake	jednake	jednaka
vocative		jednaki	jednake	jednaka
locative		jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)
instrumental		jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jednaki	jednaka	jednako
genitive		jednakog(a)	jednake	jednakog(a)
dative		jednakom(u/e)	jednakoj	jednakom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	jednaki jednakog(a)	jednaku	jednako
vocative		jednaki	jednaka	jednako
locative		jednakom(e/u)	jednakoj	jednakom(e/u)
instrumental		jednakim	jednakom	jednakim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jednaki	jednake	jednaka
genitive		jednakih	jednakih	jednakih
dative		jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)
accusative		jednake	jednake	jednaka
vocative		jednaki	jednake	jednaka
locative		jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)
instrumental		jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)	jednakim(a)

Silesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish jednak.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛdnak/
• Rhymes: -ɛdnak
• Syllabification: jed‧nak

Conjunction

jednak

1. however

   Synonyms: ale, atoli, jednakowōż, jednakōż, jednakże

Particle

jednak

1. expressing an unexpected situation; after all

Further reading

• jednak in dykcjonorz.eu
• jednak in silling.org