Egyptian
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Etymology
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Probably a reduplication of jw (“dog”). The verb is then likely denominal, with its meaning deriving from the cry of the dog.
Pronunciation
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m
- dog [Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom]
- Synonyms: jw, ṯzm
Inflection
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Declension of jwjw (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwjw
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| jwjw
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jwjw
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| [New Kingdom]
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[Book of the Dead]
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| in hieratic
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4-lit.
- (intransitive) to lament or wail [Late Period and Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
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Conjugation of jwjw (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: jwjw
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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jwjw
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jwjww, jwjw
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jwjwt
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jwjw
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jwjw
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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jwjw
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ḥr jwjw
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m jwjw
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r jwjw
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
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active
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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| perfect
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jwjw.n
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consecutive
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jwjw.jn
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| terminative
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jwjwt
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| perfective3
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jwjw
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obligative1
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jwjw.ḫr
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| imperfective
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jwjw
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| prospective3
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jwjww, jwjw
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potentialis1
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jwjw.kꜣ
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| subjunctive
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jwjw
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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jwjw.n
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—
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—
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| perfective
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jwjw
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jwjw
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jwjw, jwjww5, jwjwy5
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| imperfective
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jwjw, jwjwy, jwjww5
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jwjw, jwjwj6, jwjwy6
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jwjw, jwjww5
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| prospective
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jwjw, jwjwtj7
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jwjwwtj1 4, jwjwtj4, jwjwt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwjw
References
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- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 50.1–50.2
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 12
