kỳko

Kari'na edit

Etymology edit

Likely from an earlier *kyko (first-person inclusive dual pronoun) +‎ Proto-Cariban *rô (emphatic particle), thus cognate to Kuikúro kukuge, Ikpeng uguro, ugro, Pará Arára ugoro, and possibly Bakairí kurâ, with the first element also cognate to Waimiri-Atroari kyky. Ultimately derived from Proto-Cariban, perhaps *kɨku, but only the initial *kɨ- element may be reconstructible to Proto-Cariban, as other Cariban languages have pronouns of the same function formed with different extensions to this stem.

Pronunciation edit

(Suriname) IPA^(key): [kɨhko]

Pronoun edit

kỳko

(Guyana, Suriname) the first-person inclusive dual pronoun; you and I, me and you, the two of us
Synonym: (Venezuela) kymoro

Usage notes edit

Verbs agreeing with this pronoun take singular agreement.

Inflection edit

Kari'na personal pronouns

	singular	dual	plural
first person exclusive	awu	nàna, àna^W	nàna, àna^W
first person inclusive	—	kỳko, kymoro^V	kỳkaro(n), kymonjáro^V
second person	amoro	—	amyjaro(n), amonjáro^V
third person	(use demonstratives)
V. Venezuelan dialect. W. West Surinamese dialect.

References edit

Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[1], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 52–53, 310
Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “kïko”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 217; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎^[2], Paris, 1956, page 211
Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “ky'ko”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎^[3], University of Oregon, page 757
Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[4], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275