kerajaan
Brunei Malay edit
Etymology edit
From raja + ke- -an. Either cognate with or derived from Malay kerajaan.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kerajaan
- government of a country or state
Indonesian edit
Alternative forms edit
- keradjaan (pre-1967)
Etymology edit
Affixed raja + ke- -an, from Malay kerajaan, from Classical Malay kerajaan (“royal, become king”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kêrajaan (plural kerajaan-kerajaan, first-person possessive kerajaanku, second-person possessive kerajaanmu, third-person possessive kerajaannya)
- kingdom
- monarchy: a government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).
- Synonym: monarki
- (obsolete) kingship
Coordinate terms edit
- kedatuan
- kedaton
- kesultanan (“sultanate”)
- kekhalifahan (“caliphate”)
- kekaisaran (“empire”)
Derived terms edit
Adjective edit
kêrajaan
Verb edit
kêrajaan
- (obsolete) to become a king
- Jika ia kerajaan, tiada akan sempurna negeri ini. ― If he becomes a king, this nation will never be perfect.
Usage notes edit
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay kerajaan.
Further reading edit
- “kerajaan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay edit
Etymology edit
Affixation of raja + ke- -an.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kerajaan (Jawi spelling کراجاءن, plural kerajaan-kerajaan, informal 1st possessive kerajaanku, 2nd possessive kerajaanmu, 3rd possessive kerajaannya)
- (Brunei, Malaysia) government (an organisation which has the power to enact and legislate laws within its area of jurisdiction)
- Synonym: pemerintah
- kingdom
Usage notes edit
This word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian kerajaan.
- The government sense prevails in Malaysia and Brunei due to the two countries' monarchic governments.
- In Singapore, foreign governments can be referred as either kerajaan or pemerintah depending on their form of government. The Singaporean government being a republic is always referred to as pemerintah, which has no monarchic connotations.
- In Indonesia, kerajaan is used in the sense of a kingdom only. Governments are always translated as pemerintah, which has no monarchic connotations.
Descendants edit
- Indonesian: kerajaan
Further reading edit
- “kerajaan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.