Fanagalo

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Etymology

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From Zulu -ngenisa.

Verb

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ngenisa

  1. to introduce

Xhosa

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Etymology

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From -ngena +‎ -isa.

Verb

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-ngénísa

  1. (transitive) to lead

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

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Etymology

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From -ngena +‎ -isa.

Verb

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-ngenísa

  1. (transitive) to insert, to include
  2. (transitive) to introduce
  3. (transitive) to admit, to permit to enter

Inflection

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Tone H
Infinitive ukungenisa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukungenisa ukungangenisi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular ngenisa -ngenise
Plural ngenisani -ngeniseni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyangenisa, ngingenisa engingenisayo, engingenisa ngingenisa angingenisi engingangenisi ngingangenisi
2nd singular uyangenisa, ungenisa ongenisayo, ongenisa ungenisa awungenisi ongangenisi ungangenisi
1st plural siyangenisa, singenisa esingenisayo, esingenisa singenisa asingenisi esingangenisi singangenisi
2nd plural niyangenisa, ningenisa eningenisayo, eningenisa ningenisa aningenisi eningangenisi ningangenisi
Class 1 uyangenisa, ungenisa ongenisayo, ongenisa engenisa akangenisi ongangenisi engangenisi
Class 2 bayangenisa, bangenisa abangenisayo, abangenisa bengenisa abangenisi abangangenisi bengangenisi
Class 3 uyangenisa, ungenisa ongenisayo, ongenisa ungenisa awungenisi ongangenisi ungangenisi
Class 4 iyangenisa, ingenisa engenisayo, engenisa ingenisa ayingenisi engangenisi ingangenisi
Class 5 liyangenisa, lingenisa elingenisayo, elingenisa lingenisa alingenisi elingangenisi lingangenisi
Class 6 ayangenisa, angenisa angenisayo, angenisa engenisa awangenisi angangenisi engangenisi
Class 7 siyangenisa, singenisa esingenisayo, esingenisa singenisa asingenisi esingangenisi singangenisi
Class 8 ziyangenisa, zingenisa ezingenisayo, ezingenisa zingenisa azingenisi ezingangenisi zingangenisi
Class 9 iyangenisa, ingenisa engenisayo, engenisa ingenisa ayingenisi engangenisi ingangenisi
Class 10 ziyangenisa, zingenisa ezingenisayo, ezingenisa zingenisa azingenisi ezingangenisi zingangenisi
Class 11 luyangenisa, lungenisa olungenisayo, olungenisa lungenisa alungenisi olungangenisi lungangenisi
Class 14 buyangenisa, bungenisa obungenisayo, obungenisa bungenisa abungenisi obungangenisi bungangenisi
Class 15 kuyangenisa, kungenisa okungenisayo, okungenisa kungenisa akungenisi okungangenisi kungangenisi
Class 17 kuyangenisa, kungenisa okungenisayo, okungenisa kungenisa akungenisi okungangenisi kungangenisi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingenisile, ngingenisē engingenisile, engingenisē ngingenisile, ngingenisē angingenisanga engingangenisanga ngingangenisanga
2nd singular ungenisile, ungenisē ongenisile, ongenisē ungenisile, ungenisē awungenisanga ongangenisanga ungangenisanga
1st plural singenisile, singenisē esingenisile, esingenisē singenisile, singenisē asingenisanga esingangenisanga singangenisanga
2nd plural ningenisile, ningenisē eningenisile, eningenisē ningenisile, ningenisē aningenisanga eningangenisanga ningangenisanga
Class 1 ungenisile, ungenisē ongenisile, ongenisē engenisile, engenisē akangenisanga ongangenisanga engangenisanga
Class 2 bangenisile, bangenisē abangenisile, abangenisē bengenisile, bengenisē abangenisanga abangangenisanga bengangenisanga
Class 3 ungenisile, ungenisē ongenisile, ongenisē ungenisile, ungenisē awungenisanga ongangenisanga ungangenisanga
Class 4 ingenisile, ingenisē engenisile, engenisē ingenisile, ingenisē ayingenisanga engangenisanga ingangenisanga
Class 5 lingenisile, lingenisē elingenisile, elingenisē lingenisile, lingenisē alingenisanga elingangenisanga lingangenisanga
Class 6 angenisile, angenisē angenisile, angenisē engenisile, engenisē awangenisanga angangenisanga engangenisanga
Class 7 singenisile, singenisē esingenisile, esingenisē singenisile, singenisē asingenisanga esingangenisanga singangenisanga
Class 8 zingenisile, zingenisē ezingenisile, ezingenisē zingenisile, zingenisē azingenisanga ezingangenisanga zingangenisanga
Class 9 ingenisile, ingenisē engenisile, engenisē ingenisile, ingenisē ayingenisanga engangenisanga ingangenisanga
Class 10 zingenisile, zingenisē ezingenisile, ezingenisē zingenisile, zingenisē azingenisanga ezingangenisanga zingangenisanga
Class 11 lungenisile, lungenisē olungenisile, olungenisē lungenisile, lungenisē alungenisanga olungangenisanga lungangenisanga
Class 14 bungenisile, bungenisē obungenisile, obungenisē bungenisile, bungenisē abungenisanga obungangenisanga bungangenisanga
Class 15 kungenisile, kungenisē okungenisile, okungenisē kungenisile, kungenisē akungenisanga okungangenisanga kungangenisanga
Class 17 kungenisile, kungenisē okungenisile, okungenisē kungenisile, kungenisē akungenisanga okungangenisanga kungangenisanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāngenisa engāngenisa ngāngenisa angingenisanga engingangenisanga ngingangenisanga
2nd singular wāngenisa owāngenisa wāngenisa awungenisanga ongangenisanga ungangenisanga
1st plural sāngenisa esāngenisa sāngenisa asingenisanga esingangenisanga singangenisanga
2nd plural nāngenisa enāngenisa nāngenisa aningenisanga eningangenisanga ningangenisanga
Class 1 wāngenisa owāngenisa āngenisa akangenisanga ongangenisanga engangenisanga
Class 2 bāngenisa abāngenisa bāngenisa abangenisanga abangangenisanga bengangenisanga
Class 3 wāngenisa owāngenisa wāngenisa awungenisanga ongangenisanga ungangenisanga
Class 4 yāngenisa eyāngenisa yāngenisa ayingenisanga engangenisanga ingangenisanga
Class 5 lāngenisa elāngenisa lāngenisa alingenisanga elingangenisanga lingangenisanga
Class 6 āngenisa āngenisa āngenisa awangenisanga angangenisanga engangenisanga
Class 7 sāngenisa esāngenisa sāngenisa asingenisanga esingangenisanga singangenisanga
Class 8 zāngenisa ezāngenisa zāngenisa azingenisanga ezingangenisanga zingangenisanga
Class 9 yāngenisa eyāngenisa yāngenisa ayingenisanga engangenisanga ingangenisanga
Class 10 zāngenisa ezāngenisa zāngenisa azingenisanga ezingangenisanga zingangenisanga
Class 11 lwāngenisa olwāngenisa lwāngenisa alungenisanga olungangenisanga lungangenisanga
Class 14 bāngenisa obāngenisa bāngenisa abungenisanga obungangenisanga bungangenisanga
Class 15 kwāngenisa okwāngenisa kwāngenisa akungenisanga okungangenisanga kungangenisanga
Class 17 kwāngenisa okwāngenisa kwāngenisa akungenisanga okungangenisanga kungangenisanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingangenisa ngingangenisa ngingengenise ngingengenise
2nd singular ungangenisa ungangenisa ungengenise ungengenise
1st plural singangenisa singangenisa singengenise singengenise
2nd plural ningangenisa ningangenisa ningengenise ningengenise
Class 1 angangenisa engangenisa angengenise engengenise
Class 2 bangangenisa bengangenisa bangengenise bengengenise
Class 3 ungangenisa ungangenisa ungengenise ungengenise
Class 4 ingangenisa ingangenisa ingengenise ingengenise
Class 5 lingangenisa lingangenisa lingengenise lingengenise
Class 6 angangenisa engangenisa angengenise engengenise
Class 7 singangenisa singangenisa singengenise singengenise
Class 8 zingangenisa zingangenisa zingengenise zingengenise
Class 9 ingangenisa ingangenisa ingengenise ingengenise
Class 10 zingangenisa zingangenisa zingengenise zingengenise
Class 11 lungangenisa lungangenisa lungengenise lungengenise
Class 14 bungangenisa bungangenisa bungengenise bungengenise
Class 15 kungangenisa kungangenisa kungengenise kungengenise
Class 17 kungangenisa kungangenisa kungengenise kungengenise
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizongenisa engizongenisa ngizongenisa angizungenisa engingezungenisa ngingezungenisa
2nd singular uzongenisa ozongenisa uzongenisa awuzungenisa ongezungenisa ungezungenisa
1st plural sizongenisa esizongenisa sizongenisa asizungenisa esingezungenisa singezungenisa
2nd plural nizongenisa enizongenisa nizongenisa anizungenisa eningezungenisa ningezungenisa
Class 1 uzongenisa ozongenisa ezongenisa akazungenisa ongezungenisa engezungenisa
Class 2 bazongenisa abazongenisa bezongenisa abazungenisa abangezungenisa bengezungenisa
Class 3 uzongenisa ozongenisa uzongenisa awuzungenisa ongezungenisa ungezungenisa
Class 4 izongenisa ezongenisa izongenisa ayizungenisa engezungenisa ingezungenisa
Class 5 lizongenisa elizongenisa lizongenisa alizungenisa elingezungenisa lingezungenisa
Class 6 azongenisa azongenisa ezongenisa awazungenisa angezungenisa engezungenisa
Class 7 sizongenisa esizongenisa sizongenisa asizungenisa esingezungenisa singezungenisa
Class 8 zizongenisa ezizongenisa zizongenisa azizungenisa ezingezungenisa zingezungenisa
Class 9 izongenisa ezongenisa izongenisa ayizungenisa engezungenisa ingezungenisa
Class 10 zizongenisa ezizongenisa zizongenisa azizungenisa ezingezungenisa zingezungenisa
Class 11 luzongenisa oluzongenisa luzongenisa aluzungenisa olungezungenisa lungezungenisa
Class 14 buzongenisa obuzongenisa buzongenisa abuzungenisa obungezungenisa bungezungenisa
Class 15 kuzongenisa okuzongenisa kuzongenisa akuzungenisa okungezungenisa kungezungenisa
Class 17 kuzongenisa okuzongenisa kuzongenisa akuzungenisa okungezungenisa kungezungenisa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyongenisa engiyongenisa ngiyongenisa angiyungenisa engingeyungenisa ngingeyungenisa
2nd singular uyongenisa oyongenisa uyongenisa awuyungenisa ongeyungenisa ungeyungenisa
1st plural siyongenisa esiyongenisa siyongenisa asiyungenisa esingeyungenisa singeyungenisa
2nd plural niyongenisa eniyongenisa niyongenisa aniyungenisa eningeyungenisa ningeyungenisa
Class 1 uyongenisa oyongenisa eyongenisa akayungenisa ongeyungenisa engeyungenisa
Class 2 bayongenisa abayongenisa beyongenisa abayungenisa abangeyungenisa bengeyungenisa
Class 3 uyongenisa oyongenisa uyongenisa awuyungenisa ongeyungenisa ungeyungenisa
Class 4 iyongenisa eyongenisa iyongenisa ayiyungenisa engeyungenisa ingeyungenisa
Class 5 liyongenisa eliyongenisa liyongenisa aliyungenisa elingeyungenisa lingeyungenisa
Class 6 ayongenisa ayongenisa eyongenisa awayungenisa angeyungenisa engeyungenisa
Class 7 siyongenisa esiyongenisa siyongenisa asiyungenisa esingeyungenisa singeyungenisa
Class 8 ziyongenisa eziyongenisa ziyongenisa aziyungenisa ezingeyungenisa zingeyungenisa
Class 9 iyongenisa eyongenisa iyongenisa ayiyungenisa engeyungenisa ingeyungenisa
Class 10 ziyongenisa eziyongenisa ziyongenisa aziyungenisa ezingeyungenisa zingeyungenisa
Class 11 luyongenisa oluyongenisa luyongenisa aluyungenisa olungeyungenisa lungeyungenisa
Class 14 buyongenisa obuyongenisa buyongenisa abuyungenisa obungeyungenisa bungeyungenisa
Class 15 kuyongenisa okuyongenisa kuyongenisa akuyungenisa okungeyungenisa kungeyungenisa
Class 17 kuyongenisa okuyongenisa kuyongenisa akuyungenisa okungeyungenisa kungeyungenisa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngingenise ngingangenisi
2nd singular ungenise ungangenisi
1st plural singenise singangenisi
2nd plural ningenise ningangenisi
Class 1 angenise angangenisi
Class 2 bangenise bangangenisi
Class 3 ungenise ungangenisi
Class 4 ingenise ingangenisi
Class 5 lingenise lingangenisi
Class 6 angenise angangenisi
Class 7 singenise singangenisi
Class 8 zingenise zingangenisi
Class 9 ingenise ingangenisi
Class 10 zingenise zingangenisi
Class 11 lungenise lungangenisi
Class 14 bungenise bungangenisi
Class 15 kungenise kungangenisi
Class 17 kungenise kungangenisi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngangenisa ngangangenisa, angangenisa, angangangenisa
2nd singular wangenisa wangangenisa, awangenisa, awangangenisa
1st plural sangenisa sangangenisa, asangenisa, asangangenisa
2nd plural nangenisa nangangenisa, anangenisa, anangangenisa
Class 1 wangenisa wangangenisa, akangenisa, akangangenisa
Class 2 bangenisa bangangenisa, abangenisa, abangangenisa
Class 3 wangenisa wangangenisa, awangenisa, awangangenisa
Class 4 yangenisa yangangenisa, ayangenisa, ayangangenisa
Class 5 langenisa langangenisa, alangenisa, alangangenisa
Class 6 angenisa angangenisa, awangenisa, awangangenisa
Class 7 sangenisa sangangenisa, asangenisa, asangangenisa
Class 8 zangenisa zangangenisa, azangenisa, azangangenisa
Class 9 yangenisa yangangenisa, ayangenisa, ayangangenisa
Class 10 zangenisa zangangenisa, azangenisa, azangangenisa
Class 11 lwangenisa lwangangenisa, alwangenisa, alwangangenisa
Class 14 bangenisa bangangenisa, abangenisa, abangangenisa
Class 15 kwangenisa kwangangenisa, akwangenisa, akwangangenisa
Class 17 kwangenisa kwangangenisa, akwangenisa, akwangangenisa

References

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