Phuthi edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Bantu *-jápʊda (to tear, to separate), reversive form of Proto-Bantu *-jápa (to pluck).

Verb edit

-phúla

  1. to break
Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb edit

-phula

  1. to take off fire if ready, to dish up
Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Sotho edit

Noun edit

phula class 9/10 (plural diphula)

  1. valley

Zulu edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Bantu *-jápʊda (to tear, to separate), reversive form of Proto-Bantu *-jápa (to pluck).

Verb edit

-phúla

  1. (transitive) to break, to fracture
  2. (transitive) to cause sudden death

Inflection edit

Tone H
Infinitive ukuphula
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuphula ukungaphuli
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular phula -phule
Plural phulani -phuleni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyaphula, ngiphula engiphulayo, engiphula ngiphula angiphuli engingaphuli ngingaphuli
2nd singular uyaphula, uphula ophulayo, ophula uphula awuphuli ongaphuli ungaphuli
1st plural siyaphula, siphula esiphulayo, esiphula siphula asiphuli esingaphuli singaphuli
2nd plural niyaphula, niphula eniphulayo, eniphula niphula aniphuli eningaphuli ningaphuli
Class 1 uyaphula, uphula ophulayo, ophula ephula akaphuli ongaphuli engaphuli
Class 2 bayaphula, baphula abaphulayo, abaphula bephula abaphuli abangaphuli bengaphuli
Class 3 uyaphula, uphula ophulayo, ophula uphula awuphuli ongaphuli ungaphuli
Class 4 iyaphula, iphula ephulayo, ephula iphula ayiphuli engaphuli ingaphuli
Class 5 liyaphula, liphula eliphulayo, eliphula liphula aliphuli elingaphuli lingaphuli
Class 6 ayaphula, aphula aphulayo, aphula ephula awaphuli angaphuli engaphuli
Class 7 siyaphula, siphula esiphulayo, esiphula siphula asiphuli esingaphuli singaphuli
Class 8 ziyaphula, ziphula eziphulayo, eziphula ziphula aziphuli ezingaphuli zingaphuli
Class 9 iyaphula, iphula ephulayo, ephula iphula ayiphuli engaphuli ingaphuli
Class 10 ziyaphula, ziphula eziphulayo, eziphula ziphula aziphuli ezingaphuli zingaphuli
Class 11 luyaphula, luphula oluphulayo, oluphula luphula aluphuli olungaphuli lungaphuli
Class 14 buyaphula, buphula obuphulayo, obuphula buphula abuphuli obungaphuli bungaphuli
Class 15 kuyaphula, kuphula okuphulayo, okuphula kuphula akuphuli okungaphuli kungaphuli
Class 17 kuyaphula, kuphula okuphulayo, okuphula kuphula akuphuli okungaphuli kungaphuli
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiphulile, ngiphulē engiphulile, engiphulē ngiphulile, ngiphulē angiphulanga engingaphulanga ngingaphulanga
2nd singular uphulile, uphulē ophulile, ophulē uphulile, uphulē awuphulanga ongaphulanga ungaphulanga
1st plural siphulile, siphulē esiphulile, esiphulē siphulile, siphulē asiphulanga esingaphulanga singaphulanga
2nd plural niphulile, niphulē eniphulile, eniphulē niphulile, niphulē aniphulanga eningaphulanga ningaphulanga
Class 1 uphulile, uphulē ophulile, ophulē ephulile, ephulē akaphulanga ongaphulanga engaphulanga
Class 2 baphulile, baphulē abaphulile, abaphulē bephulile, bephulē abaphulanga abangaphulanga bengaphulanga
Class 3 uphulile, uphulē ophulile, ophulē uphulile, uphulē awuphulanga ongaphulanga ungaphulanga
Class 4 iphulile, iphulē ephulile, ephulē iphulile, iphulē ayiphulanga engaphulanga ingaphulanga
Class 5 liphulile, liphulē eliphulile, eliphulē liphulile, liphulē aliphulanga elingaphulanga lingaphulanga
Class 6 aphulile, aphulē aphulile, aphulē ephulile, ephulē awaphulanga angaphulanga engaphulanga
Class 7 siphulile, siphulē esiphulile, esiphulē siphulile, siphulē asiphulanga esingaphulanga singaphulanga
Class 8 ziphulile, ziphulē eziphulile, eziphulē ziphulile, ziphulē aziphulanga ezingaphulanga zingaphulanga
Class 9 iphulile, iphulē ephulile, ephulē iphulile, iphulē ayiphulanga engaphulanga ingaphulanga
Class 10 ziphulile, ziphulē eziphulile, eziphulē ziphulile, ziphulē aziphulanga ezingaphulanga zingaphulanga
Class 11 luphulile, luphulē oluphulile, oluphulē luphulile, luphulē aluphulanga olungaphulanga lungaphulanga
Class 14 buphulile, buphulē obuphulile, obuphulē buphulile, buphulē abuphulanga obungaphulanga bungaphulanga
Class 15 kuphulile, kuphulē okuphulile, okuphulē kuphulile, kuphulē akuphulanga okungaphulanga kungaphulanga
Class 17 kuphulile, kuphulē okuphulile, okuphulē kuphulile, kuphulē akuphulanga okungaphulanga kungaphulanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāphula engāphula ngāphula angiphulanga engingaphulanga ngingaphulanga
2nd singular wāphula owāphula wāphula awuphulanga ongaphulanga ungaphulanga
1st plural sāphula esāphula sāphula asiphulanga esingaphulanga singaphulanga
2nd plural nāphula enāphula nāphula aniphulanga eningaphulanga ningaphulanga
Class 1 wāphula owāphula āphula akaphulanga ongaphulanga engaphulanga
Class 2 bāphula abāphula bāphula abaphulanga abangaphulanga bengaphulanga
Class 3 wāphula owāphula wāphula awuphulanga ongaphulanga ungaphulanga
Class 4 yāphula eyāphula yāphula ayiphulanga engaphulanga ingaphulanga
Class 5 lāphula elāphula lāphula aliphulanga elingaphulanga lingaphulanga
Class 6 āphula āphula āphula awaphulanga angaphulanga engaphulanga
Class 7 sāphula esāphula sāphula asiphulanga esingaphulanga singaphulanga
Class 8 zāphula ezāphula zāphula aziphulanga ezingaphulanga zingaphulanga
Class 9 yāphula eyāphula yāphula ayiphulanga engaphulanga ingaphulanga
Class 10 zāphula ezāphula zāphula aziphulanga ezingaphulanga zingaphulanga
Class 11 lwāphula olwāphula lwāphula aluphulanga olungaphulanga lungaphulanga
Class 14 bāphula obāphula bāphula abuphulanga obungaphulanga bungaphulanga
Class 15 kwāphula okwāphula kwāphula akuphulanga okungaphulanga kungaphulanga
Class 17 kwāphula okwāphula kwāphula akuphulanga okungaphulanga kungaphulanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingaphula ngingaphula ngingephule ngingephule
2nd singular ungaphula ungaphula ungephule ungephule
1st plural singaphula singaphula singephule singephule
2nd plural ningaphula ningaphula ningephule ningephule
Class 1 angaphula engaphula angephule engephule
Class 2 bangaphula bengaphula bangephule bengephule
Class 3 ungaphula ungaphula ungephule ungephule
Class 4 ingaphula ingaphula ingephule ingephule
Class 5 lingaphula lingaphula lingephule lingephule
Class 6 angaphula engaphula angephule engephule
Class 7 singaphula singaphula singephule singephule
Class 8 zingaphula zingaphula zingephule zingephule
Class 9 ingaphula ingaphula ingephule ingephule
Class 10 zingaphula zingaphula zingephule zingephule
Class 11 lungaphula lungaphula lungephule lungephule
Class 14 bungaphula bungaphula bungephule bungephule
Class 15 kungaphula kungaphula kungephule kungephule
Class 17 kungaphula kungaphula kungephule kungephule
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizophula engizophula ngizophula angizuphula engingezuphula ngingezuphula
2nd singular uzophula ozophula uzophula awuzuphula ongezuphula ungezuphula
1st plural sizophula esizophula sizophula asizuphula esingezuphula singezuphula
2nd plural nizophula enizophula nizophula anizuphula eningezuphula ningezuphula
Class 1 uzophula ozophula ezophula akazuphula ongezuphula engezuphula
Class 2 bazophula abazophula bezophula abazuphula abangezuphula bengezuphula
Class 3 uzophula ozophula uzophula awuzuphula ongezuphula ungezuphula
Class 4 izophula ezophula izophula ayizuphula engezuphula ingezuphula
Class 5 lizophula elizophula lizophula alizuphula elingezuphula lingezuphula
Class 6 azophula azophula ezophula awazuphula angezuphula engezuphula
Class 7 sizophula esizophula sizophula asizuphula esingezuphula singezuphula
Class 8 zizophula ezizophula zizophula azizuphula ezingezuphula zingezuphula
Class 9 izophula ezophula izophula ayizuphula engezuphula ingezuphula
Class 10 zizophula ezizophula zizophula azizuphula ezingezuphula zingezuphula
Class 11 luzophula oluzophula luzophula aluzuphula olungezuphula lungezuphula
Class 14 buzophula obuzophula buzophula abuzuphula obungezuphula bungezuphula
Class 15 kuzophula okuzophula kuzophula akuzuphula okungezuphula kungezuphula
Class 17 kuzophula okuzophula kuzophula akuzuphula okungezuphula kungezuphula
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyophula engiyophula ngiyophula angiyuphula engingeyuphula ngingeyuphula
2nd singular uyophula oyophula uyophula awuyuphula ongeyuphula ungeyuphula
1st plural siyophula esiyophula siyophula asiyuphula esingeyuphula singeyuphula
2nd plural niyophula eniyophula niyophula aniyuphula eningeyuphula ningeyuphula
Class 1 uyophula oyophula eyophula akayuphula ongeyuphula engeyuphula
Class 2 bayophula abayophula beyophula abayuphula abangeyuphula bengeyuphula
Class 3 uyophula oyophula uyophula awuyuphula ongeyuphula ungeyuphula
Class 4 iyophula eyophula iyophula ayiyuphula engeyuphula ingeyuphula
Class 5 liyophula eliyophula liyophula aliyuphula elingeyuphula lingeyuphula
Class 6 ayophula ayophula eyophula awayuphula angeyuphula engeyuphula
Class 7 siyophula esiyophula siyophula asiyuphula esingeyuphula singeyuphula
Class 8 ziyophula eziyophula ziyophula aziyuphula ezingeyuphula zingeyuphula
Class 9 iyophula eyophula iyophula ayiyuphula engeyuphula ingeyuphula
Class 10 ziyophula eziyophula ziyophula aziyuphula ezingeyuphula zingeyuphula
Class 11 luyophula oluyophula luyophula aluyuphula olungeyuphula lungeyuphula
Class 14 buyophula obuyophula buyophula abuyuphula obungeyuphula bungeyuphula
Class 15 kuyophula okuyophula kuyophula akuyuphula okungeyuphula kungeyuphula
Class 17 kuyophula okuyophula kuyophula akuyuphula okungeyuphula kungeyuphula
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngiphule ngingaphuli
2nd singular uphule ungaphuli
1st plural siphule singaphuli
2nd plural niphule ningaphuli
Class 1 aphule angaphuli
Class 2 baphule bangaphuli
Class 3 uphule ungaphuli
Class 4 iphule ingaphuli
Class 5 liphule lingaphuli
Class 6 aphule angaphuli
Class 7 siphule singaphuli
Class 8 ziphule zingaphuli
Class 9 iphule ingaphuli
Class 10 ziphule zingaphuli
Class 11 luphule lungaphuli
Class 14 buphule bungaphuli
Class 15 kuphule kungaphuli
Class 17 kuphule kungaphuli
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngaphula ngangaphula, angaphula, angangaphula
2nd singular waphula wangaphula, awaphula, awangaphula
1st plural saphula sangaphula, asaphula, asangaphula
2nd plural naphula nangaphula, anaphula, anangaphula
Class 1 waphula wangaphula, akaphula, akangaphula
Class 2 baphula bangaphula, abaphula, abangaphula
Class 3 waphula wangaphula, awaphula, awangaphula
Class 4 yaphula yangaphula, ayaphula, ayangaphula
Class 5 laphula langaphula, alaphula, alangaphula
Class 6 aphula angaphula, awaphula, awangaphula
Class 7 saphula sangaphula, asaphula, asangaphula
Class 8 zaphula zangaphula, azaphula, azangaphula
Class 9 yaphula yangaphula, ayaphula, ayangaphula
Class 10 zaphula zangaphula, azaphula, azangaphula
Class 11 lwaphula lwangaphula, alwaphula, alwangaphula
Class 14 baphula bangaphula, abaphula, abangaphula
Class 15 kwaphula kwangaphula, akwaphula, akwangaphula
Class 17 kwaphula kwangaphula, akwaphula, akwangaphula

Related terms edit

References edit