properus
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From prō- + the root of parō, pariō, thus signifying "readiness".
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.pe.rus/, [ˈprɔpɛrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.pe.rus/, [ˈprɔːperus]
Adjective edit
properus (feminine propera, neuter properum, adverb properē); first/second-declension adjective
Usage notes edit
According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.
On the other hand, pernīx and vēlōx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)
Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | properus | propera | properum | properī | properae | propera | |
| Genitive | properī | properae | properī | properōrum | properārum | properōrum | |
| Dative | properō | properō | properīs | ||||
| Accusative | properum | properam | properum | properōs | properās | propera | |
| Ablative | properō | properā | properō | properīs | |||
| Vocative | propere | propera | properum | properī | properae | propera | |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “properus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “properus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- properus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.