raire
French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old French raire, from Late Latin ragĕre. Compare Romanian rage. Cf. also railler.
Verb edit
raire (defective)
Conjugation edit
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -ray- root: *je rayis, *que nous rayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -rais- was used instead of -ray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of raire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | raire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rayant /ʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rait /ʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rais /ʁɛ/ |
rais /ʁɛ/ |
rait /ʁɛ/ |
rayons /ʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁe.jɔ̃/ |
rayez /ʁɛ.je/ or /ʁe.je/ |
raient /ʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | rayais /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ |
rayais /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ |
rayait /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ |
rayions /ʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
rayiez /ʁɛj.je/ |
rayaient /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rayai /ʁɛe/ |
rayas /ʁɛa/ |
raya /ʁɛa/ |
rayâmes /ʁɛam/ |
rayâtes /ʁɛat/ |
rayèrent /ʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | rairai /ʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁe.ʁe/ |
rairas /ʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁe.ʁa/ |
raira /ʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁe.ʁa/ |
rairons /ʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
rairez /ʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁe.ʁe/ |
rairont /ʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | rairais /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ |
rairais /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ |
rairait /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ |
rairions /ʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rairiez /ʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ʁe.ʁje/ |
rairaient /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | raie /ʁɛ/ |
raies /ʁɛ/ |
raie /ʁɛ/ |
rayions /ʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
rayiez /ʁɛj.je/ |
raient /ʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | rayasse /ʁɛas/ |
rayasses /ʁɛas/ |
rayât /ʁɛa/ |
rayassions /ʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ |
rayassiez /ʁɛa.sje/ |
rayassent /ʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rais /ʁɛ/ |
— | rayons /ʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁe.jɔ̃/ |
rayez /ʁɛ.je/ or /ʁe.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Noun edit
raire m (plural raires)
References edit
- “raire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.