spiritus asper
See also: Spiritus asper
English edit
Etymology edit
From Latin spīritus asper (literally “rough breath”).
Noun edit
spiritus asper (plural spiritus aspers)
- (orthography) A diacritic mark ( ʻ ) in Ancient Greek used to indicate aspiration of an initial vowel or rho; also used for a similar sound in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese.
- The spiritus asper mark looks like an opening single quote, as in the word εὑρίσκω (heurískõ), the word εὕρηκα (heúrēka), or the word ἕξις (héxis, "habit").
- 1836 May, “System of Orthography for Chinese words”, in The Chinese Repository[1], volume V, number I, page 27:
- h, as an aspirate, is very frequent in Chinese ; it is generally a stronger aspirate than in English : in the dialects of the south it is often changed into f, in the north into s, or sh. To mark an aspirate after a consonant, we use the Greek spiritus asper in preference to h.
Synonyms edit
Translations edit
Ancient Greek diacritical mark — see rough breathing
See also edit
- Citations:ʻ (examples from the Wade–Giles romanization system)
- spiritus lenis
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From spīritus (“breath, breathing”) + asper (“rough, harsh”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈspiː.ri.tus ˈas.per/, [ˈs̠piːrɪt̪ʊs̠ ˈäs̠pɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ri.tus ˈas.per/, [ˈspiːrit̪us ˈäsper]
Noun edit
spīritus asper m (genitive spīritūs asperī); fourth declension
Declension edit
Fourth-declension noun with a second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | spīritus asper | spīritūs asperī |
Genitive | spīritūs asperī | spīrituum asperōrum |
Dative | spīrituī asperō | spīritibus asperīs |
Accusative | spīritum asperum | spīritūs asperōs |
Ablative | spīritū asperō | spīritibus asperīs |
Vocative | spīritus asper | spīritūs asperī |