thuma

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuthuma
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuthuma	ukungathumi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	thuma	-thume
Plural	thumani	-thumeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyathuma, ngithuma	engithumayo, engithuma	ngithuma	angithumi	engingathumi	ngingathumi
2nd singular	uyathuma, uthuma	othumayo, othuma	uthuma	awuthumi	ongathumi	ungathumi
1st plural	siyathuma, sithuma	esithumayo, esithuma	sithuma	asithumi	esingathumi	singathumi
2nd plural	niyathuma, nithuma	enithumayo, enithuma	nithuma	anithumi	eningathumi	ningathumi
Class 1	uyathuma, uthuma	othumayo, othuma	ethuma	akathumi	ongathumi	engathumi
Class 2	bayathuma, bathuma	abathumayo, abathuma	bethuma	abathumi	abangathumi	bengathumi
Class 3	uyathuma, uthuma	othumayo, othuma	uthuma	awuthumi	ongathumi	ungathumi
Class 4	iyathuma, ithuma	ethumayo, ethuma	ithuma	ayithumi	engathumi	ingathumi
Class 5	liyathuma, lithuma	elithumayo, elithuma	lithuma	alithumi	elingathumi	lingathumi
Class 6	ayathuma, athuma	athumayo, athuma	ethuma	awathumi	angathumi	engathumi
Class 7	siyathuma, sithuma	esithumayo, esithuma	sithuma	asithumi	esingathumi	singathumi
Class 8	ziyathuma, zithuma	ezithumayo, ezithuma	zithuma	azithumi	ezingathumi	zingathumi
Class 9	iyathuma, ithuma	ethumayo, ethuma	ithuma	ayithumi	engathumi	ingathumi
Class 10	ziyathuma, zithuma	ezithumayo, ezithuma	zithuma	azithumi	ezingathumi	zingathumi
Class 11	luyathuma, luthuma	oluthumayo, oluthuma	luthuma	aluthumi	olungathumi	lungathumi
Class 14	buyathuma, buthuma	obuthumayo, obuthuma	buthuma	abuthumi	obungathumi	bungathumi
Class 15	kuyathuma, kuthuma	okuthumayo, okuthuma	kuthuma	akuthumi	okungathumi	kungathumi
Class 17	kuyathuma, kuthuma	okuthumayo, okuthuma	kuthuma	akuthumi	okungathumi	kungathumi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngithumile, ngithumē	engithumile, engithumē	ngithumile, ngithumē	angithumanga	engingathumanga	ngingathumanga
2nd singular	uthumile, uthumē	othumile, othumē	uthumile, uthumē	awuthumanga	ongathumanga	ungathumanga
1st plural	sithumile, sithumē	esithumile, esithumē	sithumile, sithumē	asithumanga	esingathumanga	singathumanga
2nd plural	nithumile, nithumē	enithumile, enithumē	nithumile, nithumē	anithumanga	eningathumanga	ningathumanga
Class 1	uthumile, uthumē	othumile, othumē	ethumile, ethumē	akathumanga	ongathumanga	engathumanga
Class 2	bathumile, bathumē	abathumile, abathumē	bethumile, bethumē	abathumanga	abangathumanga	bengathumanga
Class 3	uthumile, uthumē	othumile, othumē	uthumile, uthumē	awuthumanga	ongathumanga	ungathumanga
Class 4	ithumile, ithumē	ethumile, ethumē	ithumile, ithumē	ayithumanga	engathumanga	ingathumanga
Class 5	lithumile, lithumē	elithumile, elithumē	lithumile, lithumē	alithumanga	elingathumanga	lingathumanga
Class 6	athumile, athumē	athumile, athumē	ethumile, ethumē	awathumanga	angathumanga	engathumanga
Class 7	sithumile, sithumē	esithumile, esithumē	sithumile, sithumē	asithumanga	esingathumanga	singathumanga
Class 8	zithumile, zithumē	ezithumile, ezithumē	zithumile, zithumē	azithumanga	ezingathumanga	zingathumanga
Class 9	ithumile, ithumē	ethumile, ethumē	ithumile, ithumē	ayithumanga	engathumanga	ingathumanga
Class 10	zithumile, zithumē	ezithumile, ezithumē	zithumile, zithumē	azithumanga	ezingathumanga	zingathumanga
Class 11	luthumile, luthumē	oluthumile, oluthumē	luthumile, luthumē	aluthumanga	olungathumanga	lungathumanga
Class 14	buthumile, buthumē	obuthumile, obuthumē	buthumile, buthumē	abuthumanga	obungathumanga	bungathumanga
Class 15	kuthumile, kuthumē	okuthumile, okuthumē	kuthumile, kuthumē	akuthumanga	okungathumanga	kungathumanga
Class 17	kuthumile, kuthumē	okuthumile, okuthumē	kuthumile, kuthumē	akuthumanga	okungathumanga	kungathumanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāthuma	engāthuma	ngāthuma	angithumanga	engingathumanga	ngingathumanga
2nd singular	wāthuma	owāthuma	wāthuma	awuthumanga	ongathumanga	ungathumanga
1st plural	sāthuma	esāthuma	sāthuma	asithumanga	esingathumanga	singathumanga
2nd plural	nāthuma	enāthuma	nāthuma	anithumanga	eningathumanga	ningathumanga
Class 1	wāthuma	owāthuma	āthuma	akathumanga	ongathumanga	engathumanga
Class 2	bāthuma	abāthuma	bāthuma	abathumanga	abangathumanga	bengathumanga
Class 3	wāthuma	owāthuma	wāthuma	awuthumanga	ongathumanga	ungathumanga
Class 4	yāthuma	eyāthuma	yāthuma	ayithumanga	engathumanga	ingathumanga
Class 5	lāthuma	elāthuma	lāthuma	alithumanga	elingathumanga	lingathumanga
Class 6	āthuma	āthuma	āthuma	awathumanga	angathumanga	engathumanga
Class 7	sāthuma	esāthuma	sāthuma	asithumanga	esingathumanga	singathumanga
Class 8	zāthuma	ezāthuma	zāthuma	azithumanga	ezingathumanga	zingathumanga
Class 9	yāthuma	eyāthuma	yāthuma	ayithumanga	engathumanga	ingathumanga
Class 10	zāthuma	ezāthuma	zāthuma	azithumanga	ezingathumanga	zingathumanga
Class 11	lwāthuma	olwāthuma	lwāthuma	aluthumanga	olungathumanga	lungathumanga
Class 14	bāthuma	obāthuma	bāthuma	abuthumanga	obungathumanga	bungathumanga
Class 15	kwāthuma	okwāthuma	kwāthuma	akuthumanga	okungathumanga	kungathumanga
Class 17	kwāthuma	okwāthuma	kwāthuma	akuthumanga	okungathumanga	kungathumanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingathuma	—	ngingathuma	ngingethume	—	ngingethume
2nd singular	ungathuma	—	ungathuma	ungethume	—	ungethume
1st plural	singathuma	—	singathuma	singethume	—	singethume
2nd plural	ningathuma	—	ningathuma	ningethume	—	ningethume
Class 1	angathuma	—	engathuma	angethume	—	engethume
Class 2	bangathuma	—	bengathuma	bangethume	—	bengethume
Class 3	ungathuma	—	ungathuma	ungethume	—	ungethume
Class 4	ingathuma	—	ingathuma	ingethume	—	ingethume
Class 5	lingathuma	—	lingathuma	lingethume	—	lingethume
Class 6	angathuma	—	engathuma	angethume	—	engethume
Class 7	singathuma	—	singathuma	singethume	—	singethume
Class 8	zingathuma	—	zingathuma	zingethume	—	zingethume
Class 9	ingathuma	—	ingathuma	ingethume	—	ingethume
Class 10	zingathuma	—	zingathuma	zingethume	—	zingethume
Class 11	lungathuma	—	lungathuma	lungethume	—	lungethume
Class 14	bungathuma	—	bungathuma	bungethume	—	bungethume
Class 15	kungathuma	—	kungathuma	kungethume	—	kungethume
Class 17	kungathuma	—	kungathuma	kungethume	—	kungethume
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizothuma	engizothuma	ngizothuma	angizuthuma	engingezuthuma	ngingezuthuma
2nd singular	uzothuma	ozothuma	uzothuma	awuzuthuma	ongezuthuma	ungezuthuma
1st plural	sizothuma	esizothuma	sizothuma	asizuthuma	esingezuthuma	singezuthuma
2nd plural	nizothuma	enizothuma	nizothuma	anizuthuma	eningezuthuma	ningezuthuma
Class 1	uzothuma	ozothuma	ezothuma	akazuthuma	ongezuthuma	engezuthuma
Class 2	bazothuma	abazothuma	bezothuma	abazuthuma	abangezuthuma	bengezuthuma
Class 3	uzothuma	ozothuma	uzothuma	awuzuthuma	ongezuthuma	ungezuthuma
Class 4	izothuma	ezothuma	izothuma	ayizuthuma	engezuthuma	ingezuthuma
Class 5	lizothuma	elizothuma	lizothuma	alizuthuma	elingezuthuma	lingezuthuma
Class 6	azothuma	azothuma	ezothuma	awazuthuma	angezuthuma	engezuthuma
Class 7	sizothuma	esizothuma	sizothuma	asizuthuma	esingezuthuma	singezuthuma
Class 8	zizothuma	ezizothuma	zizothuma	azizuthuma	ezingezuthuma	zingezuthuma
Class 9	izothuma	ezothuma	izothuma	ayizuthuma	engezuthuma	ingezuthuma
Class 10	zizothuma	ezizothuma	zizothuma	azizuthuma	ezingezuthuma	zingezuthuma
Class 11	luzothuma	oluzothuma	luzothuma	aluzuthuma	olungezuthuma	lungezuthuma
Class 14	buzothuma	obuzothuma	buzothuma	abuzuthuma	obungezuthuma	bungezuthuma
Class 15	kuzothuma	okuzothuma	kuzothuma	akuzuthuma	okungezuthuma	kungezuthuma
Class 17	kuzothuma	okuzothuma	kuzothuma	akuzuthuma	okungezuthuma	kungezuthuma
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyothuma	engiyothuma	ngiyothuma	angiyuthuma	engingeyuthuma	ngingeyuthuma
2nd singular	uyothuma	oyothuma	uyothuma	awuyuthuma	ongeyuthuma	ungeyuthuma
1st plural	siyothuma	esiyothuma	siyothuma	asiyuthuma	esingeyuthuma	singeyuthuma
2nd plural	niyothuma	eniyothuma	niyothuma	aniyuthuma	eningeyuthuma	ningeyuthuma
Class 1	uyothuma	oyothuma	eyothuma	akayuthuma	ongeyuthuma	engeyuthuma
Class 2	bayothuma	abayothuma	beyothuma	abayuthuma	abangeyuthuma	bengeyuthuma
Class 3	uyothuma	oyothuma	uyothuma	awuyuthuma	ongeyuthuma	ungeyuthuma
Class 4	iyothuma	eyothuma	iyothuma	ayiyuthuma	engeyuthuma	ingeyuthuma
Class 5	liyothuma	eliyothuma	liyothuma	aliyuthuma	elingeyuthuma	lingeyuthuma
Class 6	ayothuma	ayothuma	eyothuma	awayuthuma	angeyuthuma	engeyuthuma
Class 7	siyothuma	esiyothuma	siyothuma	asiyuthuma	esingeyuthuma	singeyuthuma
Class 8	ziyothuma	eziyothuma	ziyothuma	aziyuthuma	ezingeyuthuma	zingeyuthuma
Class 9	iyothuma	eyothuma	iyothuma	ayiyuthuma	engeyuthuma	ingeyuthuma
Class 10	ziyothuma	eziyothuma	ziyothuma	aziyuthuma	ezingeyuthuma	zingeyuthuma
Class 11	luyothuma	oluyothuma	luyothuma	aluyuthuma	olungeyuthuma	lungeyuthuma
Class 14	buyothuma	obuyothuma	buyothuma	abuyuthuma	obungeyuthuma	bungeyuthuma
Class 15	kuyothuma	okuyothuma	kuyothuma	akuyuthuma	okungeyuthuma	kungeyuthuma
Class 17	kuyothuma	okuyothuma	kuyothuma	akuyuthuma	okungeyuthuma	kungeyuthuma
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngithume	ngingathumi
2nd singular	uthume	ungathumi
1st plural	sithume	singathumi
2nd plural	nithume	ningathumi
Class 1	athume	angathumi
Class 2	bathume	bangathumi
Class 3	uthume	ungathumi
Class 4	ithume	ingathumi
Class 5	lithume	lingathumi
Class 6	athume	angathumi
Class 7	sithume	singathumi
Class 8	zithume	zingathumi
Class 9	ithume	ingathumi
Class 10	zithume	zingathumi
Class 11	luthume	lungathumi
Class 14	buthume	bungathumi
Class 15	kuthume	kungathumi
Class 17	kuthume	kungathumi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngathuma	ngangathuma, angathuma, angangathuma
2nd singular	wathuma	wangathuma, awathuma, awangathuma
1st plural	sathuma	sangathuma, asathuma, asangathuma
2nd plural	nathuma	nangathuma, anathuma, anangathuma
Class 1	wathuma	wangathuma, akathuma, akangathuma
Class 2	bathuma	bangathuma, abathuma, abangathuma
Class 3	wathuma	wangathuma, awathuma, awangathuma
Class 4	yathuma	yangathuma, ayathuma, ayangathuma
Class 5	lathuma	langathuma, alathuma, alangathuma
Class 6	athuma	angathuma, awathuma, awangathuma
Class 7	sathuma	sangathuma, asathuma, asangathuma
Class 8	zathuma	zangathuma, azathuma, azangathuma
Class 9	yathuma	yangathuma, ayathuma, ayangathuma
Class 10	zathuma	zangathuma, azathuma, azangathuma
Class 11	lwathuma	lwangathuma, alwathuma, alwangathuma
Class 14	bathuma	bangathuma, abathuma, abangathuma
Class 15	kwathuma	kwangathuma, akwathuma, akwangathuma
Class 17	kwathuma	kwangathuma, akwathuma, akwangathuma

References edit

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thuma (3.9)”