torua
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *torudak, derived from Proto-Uralic *torɜ- (“to fight”). Cognates include Erzya тюремс (ťuŕems, “to fight”), Hungarian dorgál (“to scold, rebuke”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
torua
Conjugation edit
| Inflection of torua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | torun | en toru | 1st sing. | olen torunut | en ole torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | torut | et toru | 2nd sing. | olet torunut | et ole torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toruu | ei toru | 3rd sing. | on torunut | ei ole torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | torumme | emme toru | 1st plur. | olemme toruneet | emme ole toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | torutte | ette toru | 2nd plur. | olette toruneet | ette ole toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toruvat | eivät toru | 3rd plur. | ovat toruneet | eivät ole toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | torutaan | ei toruta | passive | on toruttu | ei ole toruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | toruin | en torunut | 1st sing. | olin torunut | en ollut torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toruit | et torunut | 2nd sing. | olit torunut | et ollut torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | torui | ei torunut | 3rd sing. | oli torunut | ei ollut torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toruimme | emme toruneet | 1st plur. | olimme toruneet | emme olleet toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toruitte | ette toruneet | 2nd plur. | olitte toruneet | ette olleet toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toruivat | eivät toruneet | 3rd plur. | olivat toruneet | eivät olleet toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toruttiin | ei toruttu | passive | oli toruttu | ei ollut toruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | toruisin | en toruisi | 1st sing. | olisin torunut | en olisi torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toruisit | et toruisi | 2nd sing. | olisit torunut | et olisi torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toruisi | ei toruisi | 3rd sing. | olisi torunut | ei olisi torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toruisimme | emme toruisi | 1st plur. | olisimme toruneet | emme olisi toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toruisitte | ette toruisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte toruneet | ette olisi toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toruisivat | eivät toruisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat toruneet | eivät olisi toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toruttaisiin | ei toruttaisi | passive | olisi toruttu | ei olisi toruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toru | älä toru | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | torukoon | älköön toruko | 3rd sing. | olkoon torunut | älköön olko torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | torukaamme | älkäämme toruko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | torukaa | älkää toruko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | torukoot | älkööt toruko | 3rd plur. | olkoot toruneet | älkööt olko toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toruttakoon | älköön toruttako | passive | olkoon toruttu | älköön olko toruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | torunen | en torune | 1st sing. | lienen torunut | en liene torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | torunet | et torune | 2nd sing. | lienet torunut | et liene torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | torunee | ei torune | 3rd sing. | lienee torunut | ei liene torunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | torunemme | emme torune | 1st plur. | lienemme toruneet | emme liene toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | torunette | ette torune | 2nd plur. | lienette toruneet | ette liene toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | torunevat | eivät torune | 3rd plur. | lienevät toruneet | eivät liene toruneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toruttaneen | ei toruttane | passive | lienee toruttu | ei liene toruttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | torua | present | toruva | toruttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | torunut | toruttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | toruessa | toruttaessa | agent3 | toruma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | torumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | toruen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | torumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | torumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | torumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | torumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | torumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | toruman | toruttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | toruminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “torua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03