tosco

See also: Tosco

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin Tuscus (“Etruscan”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈto.sko/
• Rhymes: -osko
• Hyphenation: tó‧sco

Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toschi, feminine plural tosche)

1. (archaic) Tuscan (of, from or relating to Tuscany)

Noun

tosco m (plural toschi)

1. (archaic) Tuscan (native or inhabitant of Tuscany) (male or of unspecified gender)
   • mid 1300s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto X”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[1], lines 22–23; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[2], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     O tosco che per la cipta del foco / vivo ten vai così parlando honesto […]

     O Tuscan, thou who through the city of fire / goest alive, thus speaking modestly […]

Related terms

• toscano

References

• tósco in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Albanian toskë (“Tosk”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.sko/
• Rhymes: -ɔsko
• Hyphenation: tò‧sco

Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toschi, feminine plural tosche)

1. Tosk (southern Albanian)

References

• tòsco¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.sko/
• Rhymes: -ɔsko
• Hyphenation: tò‧sco

Noun

tosco m (plural toschi)

1. Poetic form of tossico (“poison, harmful substance”)
   • mid 1300s–mid 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XIII”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[3], lines 4–6; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[4], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Non fronda verde, ma di color fosco; / non rami schietti, ma nodosi e ’nvolti; / non pomi v’eran, ma stecchi con tòsco.

     Not green foliage green, but of a dusky color; not branches smooth, but gnarled and intertangled; there were not apple-trees, but thorns with poison.

References

• tòsco² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• costo, costò, scoto, scoto-

Portuguese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin tŭscus (“Etruscan, Tuscan”), in the context of Vicus Tuscus in Rome, whose inhabitants had a bad reputation.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtos.ku/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtos.ku/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈtoʃ.ku/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtos.ko/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtoʃ.ku/

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -osku, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -oʃku
• Hyphenation: tos‧co

Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toscos, feminine plural toscas)

1. (of stone) unpolished

   Synonym: bruto

   Antonyms: lapidado, lavrado

2. (by extension, of an object) rough; raw; coarse; crude

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:grosseiro

3. (of a person) uncouth; rude
4. (colloquial) lame; boring

Derived terms

• toscamente

Further reading

• “tosco” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
• “tosco” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin tuscus (literally “Etruscan, Tuscan”), from Vicus Tuscus (“Etruscan Street”) (the dwellers of Vicus Tuscus in Rome had a bad reputation).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtosko/ [ˈt̪os.ko]

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -osko
• Syllabification: tos‧co

Adjective

tosco (feminine tosca, masculine plural toscos, feminine plural toscas)

1. crude
2. uncouth

   Synonym: bruto

3. coarse, rough, rough around the edges

Derived terms

• tosquedad

 

Further reading

• “tosco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
• Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983) “tosco”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 565
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “9013. *tŭscus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 686