writen
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
writen
Inflection edit
Strong class 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | writen | |
3rd sg. past | wrêet | |
3rd pl. past | wrēten | |
Past participle | gewrēten | |
Infinitive | writen | |
In genitive | writens | |
In dative | writene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | write | wrêet |
2nd singular | wrijts, writes | wrēets, wrētes |
3rd singular | wrijt, writet | wrêet |
1st plural | writen | wrēten |
2nd plural | wrijt, writet | wrēet, wrētet |
3rd plural | writen | wrēten |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | write | wrēte |
2nd singular | wrijts, writes | wrētes |
3rd singular | write | wrēte |
1st plural | writen | wrēten |
2nd plural | wrijt, writet | wrētet |
3rd plural | writen | wrēten |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | wrijt, write | |
Plural | wrijt, writet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | writende | gewrēten |
Descendants edit
- Dutch: wrijten
Further reading edit
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “writen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English wrītan. Cognate to Middle Low German writen and Middle High German rīzen.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
writen (singular simple past wroot, plural simple past wroten)
- To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:
- And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.”
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- To record in writing; to produce or add to a written document.
- To act as a notary or a scribe; to transcribe into or note with writing.
- To write about; to cover, discuss, or report on in writing.
- To create a written or literary work; to author.
- To send a letter or document one wrote off.
- To convert into another language; to make a translation of.
- To engrave, carve, or scratch
- To form words or letters via means other than drawing or engraving.
- (rare) To make one's signature or identifying symbol.
- (rare) To represent via means other than writing.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of writen (strong class 1)
infinitive | (to) writen, write | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | write | wrot | |
2nd-person singular | writest | wrote, write, wrot | |
3rd-person singular | writeth | wrot | |
subjunctive singular | write | wrote1, write1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | writen, write | wroten, wrote, writen, write | |
imperative plural | writeth, write | — | |
participles | writynge, writende | writen, wreten, ywrite |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “wrīten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-30.
Middle Low German edit
Etymology edit
From Old Saxon writan (“to write, carve”)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
wrîten
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of writen as a class 1 strong verb
Plain Infinitive | wrîten | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô wrîtene or tô wrîtende | |||
Verbal Noun | wrîten or wrîtent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | wrîtende | 2nd Person Singular | wrît | |
Past | gewrēten | 2nd Person Plural | wrîtet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | wrîte | wrêt | wrîte | wrēte |
2nd Person Singular | wrîtest or wrîtst | wrētest | wrîtest | wrētest |
3rd Person Singular | wrîtet or wrît | wrêt | wrîtet | wrēte |
Plural | wrîten (wrîtet?) | wrēten | wrîten | wrēten |