आशा

Hindi edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā), Doublet of आस (ās). Cognate with Bengali আশা (aśa), Assamese আশা (axa), Manipuri ꯑꯥꯁꯥ (ʼaasaa), and Odia ଆଶା (aśa).

Pronunciation edit

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɑː.ʃɑː/, [äː.ʃäː]

Noun edit

आशा • (āśā) f (Urdu spelling آشا)

hope
आशा करता हूँ कि आज बर्फ़ पड़ेगी।
āśā kartā hū̃ ki āj barf paṛegī.
[I] hope it will snow today.

वे उसे फिर देखने की आशा में खड़े थे।
ve use phir dekhne kī āśā mẽ khaṛe the.
They were standing in the hope of seeing him again.
expectation

Declension edit

Declension of आशा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	आशा āśā	आशाएँ āśāẽ
oblique	आशा āśā	आशाओं āśāõ
vocative	आशा āśā	आशाओ āśāo

Synonyms edit

उम्मीद (ummīd)

Derived terms edit

आशावाद (āśāvād)

References edit

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “आशा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “आशा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
“आशा”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “आशा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आशा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Platts, John T. (1884) “आशा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā). Doublet of आस (ās).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /a.ɕa/

Noun edit

आशा • (āśā) f

hope

Declension edit

Declension of आशा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	आशा āśā
direct plural	आशा āśā
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	आशा āśā	आशा āśā
oblique सामान्यरूप	आशे āśe	आशां- āśān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	आशेला āśelā	आशांना āśānnā
ergative	आशेने, आशेनं āśene, āśena	आशांनी āśānnī
instrumental	आशेशी āśeśī	आशांशी āśānśī
locative सप्तमी	आशेत āśet	आशांत āśāt
vocative संबोधन	आशे āśe	आशांनो āśānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of आशा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	आशेचा āśeċā	आशेचे āśeċe	आशेची āśecī	आशेच्या āśecā	आशेचे, आशेचं āśeċe, āśeċa	आशेची āśecī	आशेच्या āśecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	आशांचा āśānċā	आशांचे āśānċe	आशांची āśāñcī	आशांच्या āśāncā	आशांचे, आशांचं āśānċe, āśānċa	आशांची āśāñcī	आशांच्या āśāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms edit

आशावाद (āśāvād, “optimism”)
आशावादी (āśāvādī, “optimistic”)

References edit

Berntsen, Maxine, “आशा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

আশা (Assamese script)
ᬆᬰᬵ (Balinese script)
আশা (Bengali script)
𑰁𑰫𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀆𑀰𑀸 (Brahmi script)
အာၐာ (Burmese script)
આશા (Gujarati script)
ਆਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌆𑌶𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦄꦴꦯꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂄𑂬𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಆಶಾ (Kannada script)
អាឝា (Khmer script)
ອາຨາ (Lao script)
ആശാ (Malayalam script)
ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡧᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘁𑘫𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦡𑧋𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐁𑐱𑐵 (Newa script)
ଆଶା (Odia script)
ꢃꢯꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆄𑆯𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖁𑖫𑖯 (Siddham script)
ආශා (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩛𑩿𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚁𑚧𑚭 (Takri script)
ஆஶா (Tamil script)
ఆశా (Telugu script)
อาศา (Thai script)
ཨཱ་ཤཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒂𑒬𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨊𑨮𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1 edit

From आ- (ā-) +‎ शंस् (śaṃs).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑː.ɕɑ́ː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː.ɕɑː/

Noun edit

आशा • (āśā́) stem, f

hope, expectation
desire, wish, prospect

Declension edit

Feminine ā-stem declension of आशा (āśā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आशा āśā́	आशे āśé	आशाः āśā́ḥ
Vocative	आशे ā́śe	आशे ā́śe	आशाः ā́śāḥ
Accusative	आशाम् āśā́m	आशे āśé	आशाः āśā́ḥ
Instrumental	आशया / आशा¹ āśáyā / āśā́¹	आशाभ्याम् āśā́bhyām	आशाभिः āśā́bhiḥ
Dative	आशायै āśā́yai	आशाभ्याम् āśā́bhyām	आशाभ्यः āśā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	आशायाः / आशायै² āśā́yāḥ / āśā́yai²	आशाभ्याम् āśā́bhyām	आशाभ्यः āśā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	आशायाः / आशायै² āśā́yāḥ / āśā́yai²	आशयोः āśáyoḥ	आशानाम् āśā́nām
Locative	आशायाम् āśā́yām	आशयोः āśáyoḥ	आशासु āśā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants edit

Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਆਸ (āsa)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲𑀸 (āsā)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: आस (ās)
  
  Urdu: آس (ās)
→ Cebuano: asa
→ Gujarati: આશા (āśā)
→ Hindi: आशा (āśā)
→ Khmer: អាសា (ʼaasaa)
→ Lambadi: aasaa
→ Marathi: आशा (āśā)
- Marathi: आस (ās)
→ Malay: asa
- Indonesian: asa
Pali: āsā
- → Thai: อาสา (aa-sǎa)
→ Tagalog: asa
- ⇒ Tagalog: pag-asa
- ⇒ Tagalog: umasa
→ Kannada: ಆಸೆ (āse)
→ Malayalam: ആശ (āśa)
→ Tamil: ஆசை (ācai)
→ Telugu: ఆశ (āśa)

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ā́śā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ā́ćā ~ *aćas (“region, area”), perhaps from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (asah).^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑ́ː.ɕɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː.ɕɑː/

Noun edit

आशा • (ā́śā) stem, f

a celestial quarter of the heavens

Declension edit

Feminine ā-stem declension of आशा (ā́śā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	आशा ā́śā	आशे ā́śe	आशाः ā́śāḥ
Vocative	आशे ā́śe	आशे ā́śe	आशाः ā́śāḥ
Accusative	आशाम् ā́śām	आशे ā́śe	आशाः ā́śāḥ
Instrumental	आशया / आशा¹ ā́śayā / ā́śā¹	आशाभ्याम् ā́śābhyām	आशाभिः ā́śābhiḥ
Dative	आशायै ā́śāyai	आशाभ्याम् ā́śābhyām	आशाभ्यः ā́śābhyaḥ
Ablative	आशायाः / आशायै² ā́śāyāḥ / ā́śāyai²	आशाभ्याम् ā́śābhyām	आशाभ्यः ā́śābhyaḥ
Genitive	आशायाः / आशायै² ā́śāyāḥ / ā́śāyai²	आशयोः ā́śayoḥ	आशानाम् ā́śānām
Locative	आशायाम् ā́śāyām	आशयोः ā́śayoḥ	आशासु ā́śāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

References edit

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “āvŕt- - āśíṣ-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 178
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śaṁyú- - ŚAṀS”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 599
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[3], Helsinki, page 8

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “āvŕt- - āśíṣ-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 178

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śaṁyú- - ŚAṀS”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 599

[3] Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[3], Helsinki, page 8

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