工作
Chinese edit
work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour |
to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do; to make | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (工作) |
工 | 作 | |
anagram | 作工 |
Pronunciation edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1 zok3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-cáuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 1kon-tsoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong1 zo6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gongzuò
- Wade–Giles: kung1-tso4
- Yale: gūng-dzwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongtzuoh
- Palladius: гунцзо (gunczo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунзуә (gunzuə, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴ t͡suə⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gung1 zok3
- Yale: gūng jok
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1 dzok8
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1 zog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chok
- Hakka Romanization System: gung´ zog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gung1 zog5
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡sok̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-cáuk
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (t͡s-)ʒɑuʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chok
- Tâi-lô: kong-tsok
- Phofsit Daibuun: kongzog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang1 zag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang tsak
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sak̚²/
- Wu
- Xiang
Verb edit
工作
- to work (to be engaged in a mental or physical activity)
- to work (to be employed)
- to work (to function properly)
Usage notes edit
There are many equivalents for English to work in Chinese, the most common and generic being 工作 (gōngzuò). Use 上班 (shàngbān) for shift work, 辦公/办公 (bàngōng) for office or administration work and 幹活/干活 (gànhuó) for physical work.
Synonyms edit
- (to be engaged in a mental or physical activity, to be employed):
Dialectal synonyms of 工作 (“to work; to do work”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 工作, 幹活 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 幹活兒 |
Taiwan | 工作 | |
Singapore | 做工 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 做嘢, 做工 |
Hong Kong | 做嘢 | |
Taishan | 做工 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 做工 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 做事 |
Hakka | Meixian | 做事 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 做事 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 做事 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 做事 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 做事 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 做事 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 做事 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 做事計 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 做穡, 做工課 |
Taipei | 作穡 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 作穡 | |
Kaohsiung | 作穡的 | |
Yilan | 作穡 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 作穡 | |
Taichung | 做工課, 作穡 | |
Tainan | 作穡 | |
Hsinchu | 做工仔, 做穡 | |
Kinmen | 做工 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 做穡 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 做工 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 做工 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 作穡, 做工, 做頭路 | |
Shantou | 做工, 做事, 做工課 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 做工 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 做工 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 做工 |
Antonyms edit
- (antonym(s) of “work; to be engaged in an activity”): 歇息 (xiēxi)
Related terms edit
Noun edit
工作
- (uncountable) work (employment)
- 工作滿足感/工作满足感 ― gōngzuò mǎnzúgǎn ― job satisfaction
- 找不到工作 ― zhǎobudào gōngzuò ― to be unable to find work
- (countable) job (position) (Classifier: 份; 個/个)
- (countable, uncountable) task; job; work (something to do) (Classifier: 份 m; 項/项 m; 個/个)
- (archaic, countable) ingenious accomplishment (Classifier: 個/个)
Synonyms edit
- (work):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 職, 業 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 職業, 工作 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 工作 |
Singapore | 工, 工作 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 工 |
Hong Kong | 工 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 工 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭路 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭路 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭路 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭路 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭路 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭路 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
Quanzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
Jinjiang | 頭路 | |
Zhangzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
Taipei | 頭路 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭路, 職業 | |
Kaohsiung | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
Yilan | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
Taichung | 頭路, 工課, 穡頭 | |
Tainan | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
Hsinchu | 頭路, 工課 | |
Kinmen | 頭路, 工課 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 工課 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 工課, 工 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 工, 頭路, 工課 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 頭路 | |
Jieyang | 工課 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 工, 工課 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 工 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 生活, 營生 | |
Suzhou | 行當 | |
Danyang | 生活 | |
Ningbo | 生活, 行當 | |
Wenzhou | 行當 | |
Jinhua | 行當, 事幹, 生活 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Derived terms edit
- 工作人員/工作人员 (gōngzuò rényuán)
- 工作合同 (gōngzuò hétóng)
- 工作坊 (gōngzuòfáng)
- 工作場所/工作场所 (gōngzuò chǎngsuǒ)
- 工作室 (gōngzuòshì)
- 工作專班/工作专班 (gōngzuò zhuānbān)
- 工作成果 (gōngzuò chéngguǒ)
- 工作日 (gōngzuòrì)
- 工作服 (gōngzuòfú)
- 工作條件/工作条件 (gōngzuò tiáojiàn)
- 工作檯/工作台 (gōngzuòtái)
- 工作母機/工作母机 (gōngzuò mǔjī)
- 工作犬 (gōngzuòquǎn)
- 工作狂 (gōngzuòkuáng)
- 工作產品/工作产品 (gōngzuò chǎnpǐn)
- 工作站 (gōngzuòzhàn)
- 工作組/工作组 (gōngzuòzǔ)
- 工作者 (gōngzuòzhě)
- 工作證/工作证 (gōngzuòzhèng)
- 工作證明/工作证明 (gōngzuò zhèngmíng)
- 工作量 (gōngzuòliàng)
- 工作隊/工作队 (gōngzuòduì)
- 工作面 (gōngzuòmiàn)
- 工作餐 (gōngzuòcān)
- 性工作 (xìnggōngzuò)
- 按章工作 (ànzhānggōngzuò)
- 文書工作/文书工作 (wénshū gōngzuò)
- 新聞工作/新闻工作 (xīnwén gōngzuò)
- 案頭工作/案头工作 (àntóu gōngzuò)
- 田野工作 (tiányě gōngzuò)
- 社會工作/社会工作 (shèhuì gōngzuò)
- 社會福利工作/社会福利工作 (shèhuì fúlì gōngzuò)
- 調查工作/调查工作 (diàochá gōngzuò)
Descendants edit
Others:
- → Zhuang: gunghcoz
See also edit
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
こう Grade: 2 |
さく Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- handicraft, industrial art, woodwork
- underground negotiation of political, foreign relations
- activities of espionage
Derived terms edit
Verb edit
工作する • (kōsaku suru) suru (stem 工作し (kōsaku shi), past 工作した (kōsaku shita))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "工作する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 工作し | こうさくし | kōsaku shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 工作し | こうさくし | kōsaku shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 工作する | こうさくする | kōsaku suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 工作する | こうさくする | kōsaku suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 工作すれ | こうさくすれ | kōsaku sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 工作せよ¹ 工作しろ² |
こうさくせよ¹ こうさくしろ² |
kōsaku seyo¹ kōsaku shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 工作される | こうさくされる | kōsaku sareru | |
Causative | 工作させる 工作さす |
こうさくさせる こうさくさす |
kōsaku saseru kōsaku sasu | |
Potential | 工作できる | こうさくできる | kōsaku dekiru | |
Volitional | 工作しよう | こうさくしよう | kōsaku shiyō | |
Negative | 工作しない | こうさくしない | kōsaku shinai | |
Negative continuative | 工作せず | こうさくせず | kōsaku sezu | |
Formal | 工作します | こうさくします | kōsaku shimasu | |
Perfective | 工作した | こうさくした | kōsaku shita | |
Conjunctive | 工作して | こうさくして | kōsaku shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 工作すれば | こうさくすれば | kōsaku sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Korean edit
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
Noun edit
Vietnamese edit
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
Noun edit
工作
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- Japanese terms spelled with 作 read as さく
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