-a-
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From of a (as in half-a-crown) or of (as in jack-a-napes from Middle English Jak of Naples). Some terms have fully incorporated the use, as ragamuffin and jackanape(s); others arise from mistaken assimilation to the form, as all-a-gog and cock-a-leekie.
Interfix edit
-a-
- Connective interfix used in forming compounds, often no longer carrying a distinct meaning.
- Synonym: o'
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From earlier a (attested by the 14th c.), as a contraction of and and its various Middle English forms.
Conjunction edit
-a-
Etymology 3 edit
From French à (“various prepositions”) and related prepositions in other Romance languages. Also from related misunderstandings, as all-a-mort from French à la morte.
Alternative forms edit
Infix edit
-a-
- Connective infix encountered in loanwords and phrases, generally no longer carrying a distinct meaning.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Infix edit
-a-
Etymology 5 edit
The vowel of rat.
Infix edit
-a-
- (pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat.
Related terms edit
- -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies
References edit
- USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000
Albanian edit
Interfix edit
-a-
- An interfix, empty morph.
Derived terms edit
Chichewa edit
Infix edit
-a-
- Forms the past perfect tense in verbs.
Usage notes edit
This contrasts with the simple past, -na-/-da-, which does not imply completion.
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Interfix edit
-a-
- A suffix-initial vowel (or linking vowel) inserted interconsonantally between the word stem and the suffix, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning.
See also edit
Irish edit
Etymology edit
Adapted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-).
Interfix edit
-a-
- -o- (linking vowel between morphemes)
Derived terms edit
Lushootseed edit
Interfix edit
-a-
- intrinsic derivational suffix or meaningless lexical linking element
Derived terms edit
Mohawk edit
Interfix edit
-a-
- joiner vowel used in noun incorporation
- joiner vowel used when adding verb suffixes
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Derived from the earlier and Old Norse genitive suffixes -a and -ar used in compounds. Akin to -e-.
Interfix edit
-a-
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Interfix edit
-a-
- alternative form of -an-
Romani edit
Etymology edit
See -a.
Interfix edit
-a-
- Forms the oblique singular stem of oikoclitic feminine nouns
Swahili edit
Infix edit
-a-
- (dated) gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker
- present tense marker used in headlines
- Near-synonym: -na-
- 2023, Brian Ambani, “Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu”, in Taifa Leo[1]:
- Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu
- Thousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation
Conjugation edit
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | na- | twa- | |
2nd person | wa- | mwa- | |
3rd person | m-wa(I/II) | a- | wa- |
m-mi(III/IV) | wa- | ya- | |
ji-ma(V/VI) | la- | ya- | |
ki-vi(VII/VIII) | cha- | vya- | |
n(IX/X) | ya- | za- | |
u(XI) | wa- | see n(X) or ma(VI) | |
ku(XV/XVII) | kwa- | ||
pa(XVI) | pa- | ||
mu(XVIII) | mwa- | ||
For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs. |
See also edit
Swahili TAM markers | |
---|---|
Initial | |
Positive infinitive | ku-/kw-1 |
Negative infinitive | kuto- |
Habitual | hu-1 |
Telegrammic | ka-1 |
Final | |
General (positive indicative) | -a |
Positive subjunctive | -e |
Negative present | -i |
Second person plural | -ni |
Infix position positive subject concord | |
Positive past | -li- |
Positive present | -na- |
Positive future | -ta- |
Negative subjunctive | -si-1 |
Positive present conditional | -nge- |
Negative present conditional | -singe- |
Positive past conditional | -ngali- |
Negative past conditional | -singali- |
Gnomic | -a-1 |
Perfect | -me- |
"Already" past | -lisha- |
"Already" present | -mesha-/-sha- |
"If/When" | -ki-1 |
"If not" | -sipo- |
Consecutive | -ka-1 |
Infix position negative subject concord | |
Negative past | -ku-1 |
Negative future | -ta- |
"Not yet" | -ja-1 |
Negative present conditional | -nge- |
Negative past conditional | -ngali- |
Relative | |
Past | -li- |
Present | -na- |
Future | -taka- |
Negative | -si- |
1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs. |
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
- In most words from an old plural genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, e.g. gästabud (“feast, banquet”), from Old Swedish gæsta buþ, genitive plural of gæster (“guest”), modern Swedish gäst.
- In some words from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, -ar, from Old Norse -ar, e.g. dialectal veaträ (“log of wood”) from viþaträ, cf. Icelandic viðartré, standard Swedish vedträ.
- Occasionally from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, the oblique form of weak masculines.
Pronunciation edit
Interfix edit
-a-
Usage notes edit
- Found in some common words like åratal (“years”) and barnavård (“child care”), but elsewhere mostly common in archaic or literary words like bergatroll (“mountain troll”), fiskafänge (“fishing catch”), jordagods (“landed property”), jordafärd (“funeral procession”), nådatid (“period of grace, respite”), örtagård (“herb garden”), fåraherde (“shepherd”).
- More common in dialects, especially Göta and Southern dialects of Swedish, and therefore in words derived from those dialects, e.g. lealös (“loose-jointed”), nattamat (“nighttime snack”), ålagille (“eel party”), äggakaka (“egg cake”).
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- Teleman, Ulf; Hellberg, Staffan; Andersson, Erik & Holm, Lisa (1999). Svenska akademiens grammatik 2 Ord. Stockholm: Svenska akad.
- Wessén, Elias (1958). Svensk språkhistoria. 2, Ordbildningslära. 3. ed. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell
- English lemmas
- English interfixes
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English conjunctions
- English terms with quotations
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English infixes
- en:Chemistry
- en:Pharmacology
- en:Medicine
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian interfixes
- Chichewa lemmas
- Chichewa infixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian interfixes
- Irish terms borrowed from Latin
- Irish terms derived from Latin
- Irish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Irish lemmas
- Irish interfixes
- Lushootseed lemmas
- Lushootseed interfixes
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk interfixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk interfixes
- Romani lemmas
- Romani interfixes
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili infixes
- Swahili dated terms
- Swahili terms with quotations
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish interfixes
- Swedish terms with archaic senses
- Swedish dialectal terms