kalma
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *kalma, likely from Proto-Uralic *kalma (whence e.g. Erzya калмо (kalmo, “grave”)) and a doublet with kuolema.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kalma (literary)
Declension edit
Inflection of kalma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kalma | kalmat | ||
genitive | kalman | kalmojen | ||
partitive | kalmaa | kalmoja | ||
illative | kalmaan | kalmoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kalma | kalmat | ||
accusative | nom. | kalma | kalmat | |
gen. | kalman | |||
genitive | kalman | kalmojen kalmain rare | ||
partitive | kalmaa | kalmoja | ||
inessive | kalmassa | kalmoissa | ||
elative | kalmasta | kalmoista | ||
illative | kalmaan | kalmoihin | ||
adessive | kalmalla | kalmoilla | ||
ablative | kalmalta | kalmoilta | ||
allative | kalmalle | kalmoille | ||
essive | kalmana | kalmoina | ||
translative | kalmaksi | kalmoiksi | ||
abessive | kalmatta | kalmoitta | ||
instructive | — | kalmoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kalma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams edit
Hausa edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English calm, French calme, Italian calmo, Spanish calmo. Decision no. 14, Progreso II.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kalma
- (objects, people or figuratively) calm, still, placid
Usage notes edit
Kalma indicates a completely passive and material state that does not move: maro kalma a calm sea (i.e. not agitated by the wind). Tranquila has the sense of simultaneously material and mental, but preferably active: which does not agitate itself, does not move itself without usefulness or reason: vicini tranquila tranquil neighborhoods (which are not noisy). Lastly, quieta expresses a mental state, better defined by its opposition desquieteso (“disquietude, inquietude”) and desquieta (“disquiet”).
Derived terms edit
- kalmeskar (“to calm”) (intransitive)
- kalmigar (“to calm”) (transitive)
- kalmigiva (“anodyne, sedative”)
- kalmigivo (“anodyne, sedative”)
References edit
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *kalma. Cognates include Finnish kalma and Estonian kalm.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑlmɑ/, [ˈkɑɫm]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑlmɑ/, [ˈkɑɫmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑlm, -ɑlmɑ
- Hyphenation: kal‧ma
Noun edit
kalma
- burial mound
- 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Maaroi Tarinaisista, “1455. Soikkola, Viistinä. III 326.”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[2], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 14-15:
- Ku katson meroin kivvooja // Niiku suuren kalman päälle:
- When I look at the stones of the sea // It's like a big burial mound:
- (in the plural) graveyard
Declension edit
Declension of kalma (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kalma | kalmat |
genitive | kalman | kalmoin |
partitive | kalmaa | kalmoja |
illative | kalmaa | kalmoi |
inessive | kalmaas | kalmois |
elative | kalmast | kalmoist |
allative | kalmalle | kalmoille |
adessive | kalmaal | kalmoil |
ablative | kalmalt | kalmoilt |
translative | kalmaks | kalmoiks |
essive | kalmanna, kalmaan | kalmoinna, kalmoin |
exessive1) | kalmant | kalmoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms edit
- (burial mound): hautapeentara
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 128
Kabuverdianu edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese acalmar.
Verb edit
kalma
References edit
- Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, →ISBN
- Veiga, Manuel (2012) Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro
Kapampangan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kalmâ
Descendants edit
- → Tagalog: kalma
Livonian edit
Alternative forms edit
- (Courland) kālma
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *kalma.
Noun edit
kalma
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Spanish calma, from Late Latin cauma, ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: kal‧ma
Noun edit
kalma (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)
- calmness; peace; stillness
- Synonyms: hinahon, pagkahinahon, kapayapaan
- silence
- Synonym: katahimikan
Adjective edit
kalmá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Kapampangan kalma, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karma.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kalˈmaʔ/ [kɐlˈmaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Syllabification: kal‧ma
Noun edit
kalmâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜋ)
Further reading edit
- “kalma”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlmɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlmɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish literary terms
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- fi:Death
- Hausa terms borrowed from Arabic
- Hausa terms derived from Arabic
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa nouns
- Hausa feminine nouns
- Ido terms borrowed from English
- Ido terms derived from English
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms borrowed from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms borrowed from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms approved in Progreso II
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido adjectives
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlm
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlm/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlmɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlmɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Kabuverdianu terms derived from Portuguese
- Kabuverdianu lemmas
- Kabuverdianu verbs
- Sotavento Kabuverdianu
- Kapampangan terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kapampangan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kapampangan lemmas
- Kapampangan nouns
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian nouns
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Late Latin
- Tagalog terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/alma
- Rhymes:Tagalog/alma/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a
- Rhymes:Tagalog/a/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog adjectives
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Kapampangan
- Tagalog terms derived from Kapampangan
- Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit
- Tagalog doublets
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aʔ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/aʔ/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with maragsa pronunciation