prender

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French prendre (“to take”), from Latin prehendere (“to take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɛndə(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)

Noun

prender

1. (law) The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered

References

• “prender”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese prender, from Latin prēndere, variant of prehendere, present active infinitive of prehendō (“I seize; I detain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɾenˈdeɾ]

Verb

prender (first-person singular present prendo, first-person singular preterite prendín, past participle prendido, short past participle preso)
prender (first-person singular present prendo, first-person singular preterite prendim or prendi, past participle prendido, short past participle preso, reintegrationist norm)

1. to capture, catch, seize, grab

   Synonyms: cachar, capturar, coller

2. to light, to set light, to set fire, to set in fire

   Synonym: acender

3. to root

   Synonyms: arraigar, enraizar

4. to tie, fasten, attach

   Synonyms: amarrar, atar, trincar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of prender (irregular short past participle)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	prender
Personal	prender	prenderes	prender	prendermos	prenderdes	prenderen
Gerund
	prendendo
Short past participle
Masculine	preso1			presos1
Feminine	presa1			presas1
Long past participle
Masculine	prendido2			prendidos2
Feminine	prendida2			prendidas2
Indicative
Present	prendo	prendes	prende	prendemos	prendedes	prenden
Imperfect	prendía	prendías	prendía	prendiamos	prendiades	prendían
Preterite	prendín	prendiches	prendeu	prendemos	prendestes	prenderon
Pluperfect	prendera	prenderas	prendera	prenderamos	prenderades	prenderan
Future	prenderei	prenderás	prenderá	prenderemos	prenderedes	prenderán
Conditional	prendería	prenderías	prendería	prenderiamos	prenderiades	prenderían
Subjunctive
Present	prenda	prendas	prenda	prendamos	prendades	prendan
Imperfect	prendese	prendeses	prendese	prendésemos	prendésedes	prendesen
Future	prender	prenderes	prender	prendermos	prenderdes	prenderen
Imperative
Affirmative		prende	prenda	prendamos	prendede	prendan
Negative (non)		non prendas	non prenda	non prendamos	non prendades	non prendan

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haber and ter.

    Reintegrated conjugation of prender (irregular short past participle) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	prender
Personal	prender	prenderes	prender	prendermos	prenderdes	prenderem
Gerund
	prendendo
Short past participle
Masculine	preso1			presos1
Feminine	presa1			presas1
Long past participle
Masculine	prendido2			prendidos2
Feminine	prendida2			prendidas2
Indicative
Present	prendo	prendes	prende	prendemos	prendedes, prendeis	prendem
Imperfect	prendia	prendias	prendia	prendíamos	prendíades, prendíeis, prendíais3	prendiam
Preterite	prendim, prendi	prendeste, prendeche3	prendeu	prendemos	prendestes	prendêrom, prenderam
Pluperfect	prendera	prenderas	prendera	prendêramos	prendêrades, prendêreis, prendêrais3	prenderam
Future	prenderei	prenderás	prenderá	prenderemos	prenderedes, prendereis	prenderám, prenderão
Conditional	prenderia	prenderias	prenderia	prenderíamos	prenderíades, prenderíeis, prenderíais3	prenderiam
Subjunctive
Present	prenda	prendas	prenda	prendamos	prendades, prendais	prendam
Imperfect	prendesse	prendesses	prendesse	prendêssemos	prendêssedes, prendêsseis	prendessem
Future	prender	prenderes	prender	prendermos	prenderdes	prenderem
Imperative
Affirmative		prende	prenda	prendamos	prendede, prendei	prendam
Negative (nom)		nom prendas	nom prenda	nom prendamos	nom prendades, nom prendais	nom prendam

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haver and ter.
³Less recommended.

References

• “prender” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “prend” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “prender” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “prender”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
• “prender” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “prender” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “prender” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Interlingua

Etymology

French prendre

Verb

prender

1. to take

Conjugation

    Conjugation of prender

infinitive		prender
participle		present	perfect
		prendente	prendite
active		simple	perfect
	present	prende	ha prendite
	past	prendeva	habeva prendite
	future	prendera	habera prendite
	conditional	prenderea	haberea prendite
	imperative	prende
passive		simple	perfect
	present	es prendite	ha essite prendite
	past	esseva prendite	habeva essite prendite
	future	essera prendite	habera essite prendite
	conditional	esserea prendite	haberea essite prendite
	imperative	sia prendite

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese prender, from Latin prēndere, variant of prehendere (“to seize; to detain”), from prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“to take, to seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pɾẽˈde(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pɾẽˈde(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈde(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈde(ʁ)/ [pɾẽˈde(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈde(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈdeɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈdeɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɾẽˈde.ɾi/

• Audio (Oporto, Portugal):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pren‧der

Verb

prender (first-person singular present prendo, first-person singular preterite prendi, past participle prendido, short past participle preso)

1. to arrest (to seize and take into legal custody)

   Synonyms: encadear, encarcerar, enjaular

   Antonyms: liberar, libertar, soltar

2. to attach or bind

   Synonyms: conectar, grudar, ligar, jungir, juntar, unir, vincular

   Antonyms: desconectar, desprender, separar

3. to restrain; to restrict

   Synonym: restringir

4. to become close (emotionally) to someone

   Synonym: vincular

   Antonym: desvincular

Conjugation

    Conjugation of prender (irregular short past participle) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	prender
Personal	prender	prenderes	prender	prendermos	prenderdes	prenderem
Gerund
	prendendo
Short past participle
Masculine	preso1			presos1
Feminine	presa1			presas1
Long past participle
Masculine	prendido2			prendidos2
Feminine	prendida2			prendidas2
Indicative
Present	prendo	prendes	prende	prendemos	prendeis	prendem
Imperfect	prendia	prendias	prendia	prendíamos	prendíeis	prendiam
Preterite	prendi	prendeste	prendeu	prendemos	prendestes	prenderam
Pluperfect	prendera	prenderas	prendera	prendêramos	prendêreis	prenderam
Future	prenderei	prenderás	prenderá	prenderemos	prendereis	prenderão
Conditional	prenderia	prenderias	prenderia	prenderíamos	prenderíeis	prenderiam
Subjunctive
Present	prenda	prendas	prenda	prendamos	prendais	prendam
Imperfect	prendesse	prendesses	prendesse	prendêssemos	prendêsseis	prendessem
Future	prender	prenderes	prender	prendermos	prenderdes	prenderem
Imperative
Affirmative		prende	prenda	prendamos	prendei	prendam
Negative (não)		não prendas	não prenda	não prendamos	não prendais	não prendam

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haver and ter.

Derived terms

• prender a respiração

Related terms

• comprender
• desprender
• desprendimento
• empreender
• prendedor
• prendido
• prendimento
• preso
• prisão
• repreender

Further reading

• “prender” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish prender, from Latin prēndere, from earlier prehendere, from prae- (“before”) + *hendere (“take, seize”) (not attested without a prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɾenˈdeɾ/ [pɾẽn̪ˈd̪eɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: pren‧der

Verb

prender (first-person singular present prendo, first-person singular preterite prendí, past participle prendido)

1. to catch, to arrest

   Synonyms: detener, arrestar, aprehender

2. to take, to pick up

   Synonyms: tomar, coger

3. to light, to ignite

   Synonym: encender

4. to turn on (light, machine etc.)

   Synonym: encender

Conjugation

    Conjugation of prender (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			prender
gerund			prendiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		prendido		prendida
		plural		prendidos		prendidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	prendo	prendestú prendésvos	prende	prendemos	prendéis	prenden
	imperfect	prendía	prendías	prendía	prendíamos	prendíais	prendían
	preterite	prendí	prendiste	prendió	prendimos	prendisteis	prendieron
	future	prenderé	prenderás	prenderá	prenderemos	prenderéis	prenderán
	conditional	prendería	prenderías	prendería	prenderíamos	prenderíais	prenderían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	prenda	prendastú prendásvos2	prenda	prendamos	prendáis	prendan
	imperfect (ra)	prendiera	prendieras	prendiera	prendiéramos	prendierais	prendieran
	imperfect (se)	prendiese	prendieses	prendiese	prendiésemos	prendieseis	prendiesen
	future1	prendiere	prendieres	prendiere	prendiéremos	prendiereis	prendieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		prendetú prendévos	prenda	prendamos	prended	prendan
	negative		no prendas	no prenda	no prendamos	no prendáis	no prendan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of prender

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive prender
	dative	prenderme	prenderte	prenderle, prenderse	prendernos	prenderos	prenderles, prenderse
	accusative	prenderme	prenderte	prenderlo, prenderla, prenderse	prendernos	prenderos	prenderlos, prenderlas, prenderse
with gerund prendiendo
	dative	prendiéndome	prendiéndote	prendiéndole, prendiéndose	prendiéndonos	prendiéndoos	prendiéndoles, prendiéndose
	accusative	prendiéndome	prendiéndote	prendiéndolo, prendiéndola, prendiéndose	prendiéndonos	prendiéndoos	prendiéndolos, prendiéndolas, prendiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative prende
	dative	préndeme	préndete	préndele	préndenos	not used	préndeles
	accusative	préndeme	préndete	préndelo, préndela	préndenos	not used	préndelos, préndelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative prendé
	dative	prendeme	prendete	prendele	prendenos	not used	prendeles
	accusative	prendeme	prendete	prendelo, prendela	prendenos	not used	prendelos, prendelas
with formal second-person singular imperative prenda
	dative	préndame	not used	préndale, préndase	préndanos	not used	préndales
	accusative	préndame	not used	préndalo, préndala, préndase	préndanos	not used	préndalos, préndalas
with first-person plural imperative prendamos
	dative	not used	prendámoste	prendámosle	prendámonos	prendámoos	prendámosles
	accusative	not used	prendámoste	prendámoslo, prendámosla	prendámonos	prendámoos	prendámoslos, prendámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative prended
	dative	prendedme	not used	prendedle	prendednos	prendeos	prendedles
	accusative	prendedme	not used	prendedlo, prendedla	prendednos	prendeos	prendedlos, prendedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative prendan
	dative	préndanme	not used	préndanle	préndannos	not used	préndanles, préndanse
	accusative	préndanme	not used	préndanlo, préndanla	préndannos	not used	préndanlos, préndanlas, préndanse

Derived terms

• desprender
• prender fuego
• prendimiento
• sorprender

 

Related terms

• aprender
• comprender
• emprender
• prendedor
• prensión
• presa
• preso
• prisión
• reprender

 

Further reading

• “prender”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014