punir
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan punir, from Latin pūnīre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
punir (first-person singular present puneixo, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punit)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation edit
infinitive | punir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | punint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | punit | punida | |||||
plural | punits | punides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | puneixo | puneixes | puneix | punim | puniu | puneixen | |
imperfect | punia | punies | punia | puníem | puníeu | punien | |
future | puniré | puniràs | punirà | punirem | punireu | puniran | |
preterite | puní | punires | puní | punírem | puníreu | puniren | |
conditional | puniria | puniries | puniria | puniríem | puniríeu | punirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | puneixi | puneixis | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
imperfect | punís | punissis | punís | puníssim | puníssiu | punissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | puneix | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
negative (no) | — | no puneixis | no puneixi | no punim | no puniu | no puneixin |
Related terms edit
References edit
- “punir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “punir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French punir, from Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre. May have been borrowed due to its late appearance.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
punir
- to punish
Conjugation edit
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | punir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | punissant /py.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | puni /py.ni/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
imperfect | punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissait /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissaient /py.ni.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punîmes /py.nim/ |
punîtes /py.nit/ |
punirent /py.niʁ/ | |
future | punirai /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniras /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punira /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punirons /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
punirez /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniront /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirait /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirions /py.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
puniriez /py.ni.ʁje/ |
puniraient /py.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punisse /py.nis/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
imperfect2 | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punît /py.ni/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | punis /py.ni/ |
— | punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “punir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punín, past participle punido)
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punim or puni, past participle punido, reintegrationist norm)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation edit
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | punir | |||||
Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | puniren |
Gerund | ||||||
punindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punides | punen |
Imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puniamos | puniades | punían |
Preterite | punín | puniches | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniron |
Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puniramos | punirades | puniran |
Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniredes | punirán |
Conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniriamos | puniriades | punirían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punades | punan |
Imperfect | punise | punises | punise | punísemos | punísedes | punisen |
Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | puniren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | pune | puna | punamos | punide | punan | |
Negative (non) | non punas | non puna | non punamos | non punades | non punan |
1Less recommended.
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “punir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- “punir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb edit
punir
- to punish
Descendants edit
- French: punir
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Pronunciation edit
Audio: (file)
Verb edit
punir
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb edit
punir
- to punish
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | punir | avoir puni | |||||
gerund | en punissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | punissant | ||||||
past participle | puni | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | punis | punis | punist | punissons | punissez | punissent |
imperfect | punissoie, punisseie | punissoies, punisseies | punissoit, punisseit | punissiiens, punissiens | punissiiez, punissiez | punissoient, punisseient | |
preterite | puni | punis | puni | punimes | punistes | punirent | |
future | punirai | puniras | punira | punirons | puniroiz, punireiz, punirez | puniront | |
conditional | puniroie, punireie | puniroies, punireies | puniroit, punireit | puniriiens, puniriens | puniriiez, puniriez | puniroient, punireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | punisse | punisses | punisse | punissons | punissez | punissent |
imperfect | punisse | punisses | punist | punissons, punissiens | punissoiz, punissez, punissiez | punissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | punis | — | punissons | punissez | — |
Descendants edit
Old Occitan edit
Etymology edit
From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb edit
punir
- to punish
Descendants edit
- Occitan: punir
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: pu‧nir
Verb edit
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puni, past participle punido)
- (transitive) to punish
Conjugation edit
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | punir | |||||
Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
Gerund | ||||||
punindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punis | punem |
Imperfect | punia | punias | punia | puníamos | puníeis | puniam |
Preterite | puni | puniste | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniram |
Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puníramos | puníreis | puniram |
Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | punireis | punirão |
Conditional | puniria | punirias | puniria | puniríamos | puniríeis | puniriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punais | punam |
Imperfect | punisse | punisses | punisse | puníssemos | punísseis | punissem |
Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | pune | puna | punamos | puni | punam | |
Negative (não) | não punas | não puna | não punamos | não punais | não punam |
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “punir” in iDicionário Aulete.
- “punir” in Dicionário inFormal.
- “punir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “punir” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
- “punir” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
- “punir” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punido)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation edit
infinitive | punir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | puniendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | punido | punida | |||||
plural | punidos | punidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | puno | punestú punísvos |
pune | punimos | punís | punen | |
imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puníamos | puníais | punían | |
preterite | puní | puniste | punió | punimos | punisteis | punieron | |
future | puniré | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniréis | punirán | |
conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniríamos | puniríais | punirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | puna | punastú punásvos2 |
puna | punamos | punáis | punan | |
imperfect (ra) |
puniera | punieras | puniera | puniéramos | punierais | punieran | |
imperfect (se) |
puniese | punieses | puniese | puniésemos | punieseis | puniesen | |
future1 | puniere | punieres | puniere | puniéremos | puniereis | punieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | punetú punívos |
puna | punamos | punid | punan | ||
negative | no punas | no puna | no punamos | no punáis | no punan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “punir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs with -eix-
- Catalan transitive verbs
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -ir
- French second group verbs
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/iɾ
- Rhymes:Galician/iɾ/2 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ir
- Galician transitive verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan second group verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-i preterite
- Old French second group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -ir
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan verbs
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ir
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ir
- Spanish transitive verbs