Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gripjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An intensive formation from *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrip.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gripjaną

1. To grip; to continually hold on to.

Inflection

Conjugation of *gripjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gripjō	*gripjaų	—	*gripjai	?
2nd singular	*gripisi	*gripjais	*gripi	*gripjasai	*gripjaisau
3rd singular	*gripiþi	*gripjai	*gripjaþau	*gripjaþai	*gripjaiþau
1st dual	*gripjōs	*gripjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gripjaþiz	*gripjaiþiz	*gripjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gripjamaz	*gripjaim	—	*gripjanþai	*gripjainþau
2nd plural	*gripiþ	*gripjaiþ	*gripiþ	*gripjanþai	*gripjainþau
3rd plural	*gripjanþi	*gripjain	*gripjanþau	*gripjanþai	*gripjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gripidǭ	*gripidēdį̄
2nd singular	*gripidēz	*gripidēdīz
3rd singular	*gripidē	*gripidēdī
1st dual	*gripidēdū	*gripidēdīw
2nd dual	*gripidēdudiz	*gripidēdīdiz
1st plural	*gripidēdum	*gripidēdīm
2nd plural	*gripidēdud	*gripidēdīd
3rd plural	*gripidēdun	*gripidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gripjandz	*gripidaz

Descendants

• Old English: grippan
  • Middle English: grippen
    • English: grip
    • Scots: grip
• Old High German: gripfen
  • Middle High German: gripfen, *grippen
    • Luxembourgish: Grapp (probably)