Wiktionary

ach

See also: ACH, aćh, -ach, ách, and ạch

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

ach

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Acholi.

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ach (plural aches)

  1. (obsolete) Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. An expression of annoyance.
    • 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972:
      "Ach." Auntie frowned hugely. "That is all nonsense."
  2. An expression of woe or regret.
  3. Alternative form of och

Anagrams edit

Central Franconian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

Pronunciation edit

Numeral edit

ach

  1. (Limburgan Ripuarian) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “ach” in d'r nuie Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer 2nd ed., 2017.

Chuukese edit

Determiner edit

ach

  1. First-person plural inclusive general possessive; our (inclusive)

Related terms edit

Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ai nei -ei
Second person omw, om noum -om
Third person an noun -an
Plural First person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		 nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		 -em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, ami noumi -emi
Third person ar nour -er

Cimbrian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun edit

ach

  1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of iart: you (plural; polite singular)

See also edit

Cimbrian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
1st person singular ich mich miar
2nd person singular familiar du dich diar
polite iart ach òich
3rd person singular m èar, ar in, en iime
f zi, ze iar
n es, is es, 's iime
1st person plural bar,
bandare		 zich izàndarn
2nd person plural iart,
iartàndare, artàndare		 òich, ach ogàndarn
3rd person plural ze, zòi,
zandare		 zich innàndarn

References edit

  • “ach” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ɑx/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ach
  • Rhymes: -ɑx

Interjection edit

ach

  1. oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay

Descendants edit

  • Afrikaans: ag
  • → Papiamentu: ag
  • → Peranakan Indonesian: ach

Esperanto edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. H-system spelling of aĉ

German edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. oh, alas (expressing surprise, sorrow, or understanding)
    • 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Vor dem Thor”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]‎[2]; republished as Bayard Taylor, transl., 1870:
      Zwey Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust, / Die eine will sich von der andern trennen;
      Two souls, alas! reside within my breast, / And each withdraws from, and repels, its brother.
  2. oh (preceding an offhand or annoyed remark)
  3. oh (preceding an invocation or address, but rarely a solemn one)

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Danish: ah
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ah, a
  • Yiddish: אַך (akh)

Further reading edit

  • “ach” in Duden online
  • Friedrich Kluge (1883) “ach”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
  • “ach” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Alternative forms edit

Conjunction edit

ach

  1. but

Preposition edit

ach (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

  1. except, but
Derived terms edit

Adverb edit

ach

  1. but, only, merely

Etymology 2 edit

Onomatopoeic.

Alternative forms edit

Interjection edit

ach!

  1. ah! och! ugh!

Further reading edit

Lithuanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Old Polish ach.

Interjection edit

ach (archaic)

  1. o (used to address someone or a group)

Further reading edit

Middle Low German edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. oh (an expression of grievance or displeasure)

North Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian achta. Compare West Frisian acht.

Numeral edit

ach

  1. (Heligoland) eight

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ, ultimately a natural expression. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. (attested in Silesia) ah! (expresses surprise)
    • 1915 [End of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎[3], page 315:
      Ach boze moy, pomozy my
      [Ach Boże moj, pomoży mi]
    • 1915 [Middle of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎[4], page 514:
      Ach nyestocze proch dolor
      [Ach niestocie proch dolor]
    • 1885-2024 [End of the 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne‎[5], volume III, Wrocław, page 289:
      Ach gelacze heu
      [Ach jełacie heu]
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[6], page 56:
      Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu
      [Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu]

Descendants edit

  • → Lithuanian: ach
  • Polish: ach

References edit

Peranakan Indonesian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Dutch ach (“oh”).

Interjection edit

ach

  1. oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay
    Ach, ia laen tida minta doeit.[1] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References edit

  1. ^ Kwee Hing Tjiat (1921) Doea Kapala Batoe [Two Hardheaded (Persons)] (in Peranakan Indonesian), Nauer & Dimmick, page 10

Polish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish ach, from Proto-Slavic *axъ, ultimately a natural expression.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. ah! (expresses surprise)
    Synonyms: och, ojej, ależ

Derived terms edit

adjective
interjections
noun
verbs

Trivia edit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ach is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 0 times in scientific texts, 0 times in news, 0 times in essays, 10 times in fiction, and 44 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 54 times, making it the 1186th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ach”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 1

Further reading edit

  • ach in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ach in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ach, ah”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Krystyna Siekierska (08.06.2022) “ACH”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) Słownik języka polskiego‎[7], volume 1, pages 3-4
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[8]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[9] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 6

Scots edit

Etymology edit

In imitation of a cry.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. An exclamation of impatience, disappointment, contempt, remonstrance.
  2. expression of satisfaction or pleasure.

References edit

Scottish Gaelic edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs-tos.

Conjunction edit

ach

  1. but
    Thèid mise ach cha tèid thusa. ― I'll go but you won't [go].
  2. except, only
    Cha robh ann ach trì daoine. ― There were only three people (literally "there was not there but/except for three people").

Etymology 2 edit

Shortened form of feuch.

Conjunction edit

ach

  1. so that
    Dh'aontaich e ach am biodh adhartas air choireigin ann. ― He agreed so that there would be some progress.

References edit

Temascaltepec Nahuatl edit

Adverb edit

ach

  1. maybe

Welsh edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Celtic *akkā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekkeh₂ (compare Latin Acca (Larentia), a Roman goddess, Ancient Greek Ἀκκώ (Akkṓ, “nurse of Demeter”), Sanskrit अक्का (akkā, “mother”)).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ach f (plural achau or achoedd)

  1. kinship
  2. pedigree, ancestry
  3. (in the plural) lineage
  4. (in the plural) genealogy, family roots
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative forms edit

och, ych

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

ach

  1. yuck
Derived terms edit

ach-y-fi

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ach unchanged unchanged hach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References edit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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