yow

Stairs Kreger, Glenn Albert, Scharfe de Stairs, Emily Florence, Olvaries Oviedo, Proceso, Ponce Villanueva, Tereso, Comonfort Llave, Lorenzo (1981) Diccionario huave de San Mateo del Mar (Serie de vocabularios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 24)‎^[1] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 184–185

Middle English edit

Alternative forms edit

yowe, you, youe, yo, yoe, yogh, yaw, yew, yhu, yu, yw, yhow, ȝou, ȝow, ȝouȝ, ȝowȝ, ȝo, ȝowe, ȝu, ȝw, ȝue, ȝiow, ȝeu, ȝew, ȝewe, ȝaw, ȝhow, ȝhowe, ȝiu, ȝeow, ȝehw, ȝuw, gow, gu, giu, geu, geau, eou, eow, eo, eowe, eu, euwȝ, ou, ow, æu, owe, hou, heou, heu

Etymology edit

From Old English ēow, from Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Initial /j/ is by analogy with ye.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /juː/, /jiu̯/
(Early Middle English) IPA^(key): /uː/, /iu̯/
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /ju/

Pronoun edit

yow (nominative ye)

Second-person plural object pronoun: you (plural).
- c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Clerk's Tale", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere manuscript (c. 1410):
  certes lord / so wel vs liketh yow / And al youre werk / and euere han doon / þat we / Ne koude nat vs self deuysen how / We myghte lyuen / in moore felicitee [...].
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(formal) second-person singular object pronoun: you (singular).

Descendants edit

English: you
Scots: you

See also edit

Middle English personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive	possessive
singular	1st-person		I, ich, ik	me		min mi¹	min
	2nd-person		þou	þe		þin þi¹	þin
	3rd-person	m	he	him hine²	him	his	his hisen
		f	sche, heo	hire heo	hire		hire hires, hiren
		n	hit		hit him²	his, hit	—
dual³	1st-person		wit	unk		unker
dual³	2nd-person		ȝit	inc		inker
plural	1st-person		we	us, ous		oure	oure oures, ouren
	2nd-person⁴		ye	yow		your	your youres, youren
	3rd-person	inh.	he	hem he²	hem	here	here heres, heren
	3rd-person	bor.	þei	þem, þeim		þeir	þeir þeires, þeiren

¹Used preconsonantally or before h.
²Early or dialectal.
³Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
⁴Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References edit

“you, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 18 May 2018.

Scots edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain; most likely from Old English ēow.

Pronoun edit

yow (personal, emphatic)

(Southern Scots) you

Whitesands edit

Noun edit

yow

turtle

References edit

Jeremy Hammond, The Grammar of Nouns and Verbs in Whitesands, an Oceanic Language of Southern Vanuatu (2009), p. 81

Wolof edit

Pronunciation edit

Audio: (file)

Pronoun edit

yow

you (second-person singular subject pronoun)

Yapese edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /jɔw/

Pronoun edit

yow

Third-person dual pronoun; they two

References edit

Jensen, John Thayer (1977) Yapese Reference Grammar, Honolulu: The University press of Hawaii, pages 132-135

Other expressions
		Singular	Dual	Plural
First*	inclusive		gadow	gadaed
First*	exclusive	gaeg	gamow	gamaed
Second		guur	gimeew	gimeed
Third		qiir	yow	yaed
Partitive**			bagyow	bagyaed
* The first person can be inclusive (I/we and you) or exclusive (I/we and not you). This differentiation is meaningful only in the dual and in the plural. ** Partitive pronouns are used in expressions such as one of them two (dual) or one of them (plural).

	singular subject	plural subject	singular object	plural object
1st person	man	nun	ma	nu
2nd person	yow	yeen	la	leen
3rd person	moom	ñoom	ko	leen