δυνατῶς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

δυνατός (dunatós) +‎ -ως (-ōs)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /dy.na.tɔ̂ːs/ → /ðy.naˈtos/ → /ði.naˈtos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dy.na.tɔ̂ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /dy.naˈtos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ðy.naˈtos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ðy.naˈtos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ði.naˈtos/

Adverb

δυνατῶς • (dunatôs) (comparative δυνατώτερον, superlative δυνατώτατα)

1. forcefully, skillfully
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 516D:

     καὶ ἐκ τούτων δὴ δυνατώτατα ἀπομαντευομένῳ τὸ μέλλον ἥξειν

     kaì ek toútōn dḕ dunatṓtata apomanteuoménōi tò méllon hḗxein

     and because of that, the most skillfull in presaging the next thing to come.

2. possible
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.11.3:

     οὔκων ἐξαναχωρέειν οὐδετέροισι δυνατῶς ἔχει

     oúkōn exanakhōréein oudetéroisi dunatôs ékhei

     So it is not possible for either of us to retreat.

Further reading

• δυνατῶς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “δυνατῶς”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011