καίνυμαι
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editRe-analyzed from κέκασμαι (kékasmai), which could share an origin with Sanskrit ससाधन (sasādhana, “having ability, skill, excellence”). Less certain is a connection to Gaulish *kaddos (“holy”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”). Also compare Sanskrit छन्द् (chand, “to appear, to gratify”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱend-.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kǎi̯.ny.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkɛ.ny.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈcɛ.ny.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈce.ny.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈce.ni.me/
Verb
editκαίνῠμαι • (kaínumai)
Conjugation
edit Present: καίνῠμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | καίνῠμαι | καίνῠσαι | καίνῠται | καίνῠσθον | καίνῠσθον | καινῠ́μεθα | καίνῠσθε | καίνῠνται | ||||
subjunctive | καινῠ́ωμαι | καινῠ́ῃ | καινῠ́ηται | καινῠ́ησθον | καινῠ́ησθον | καινῠώμεθᾰ | καινῠ́ησθε | καινῠ́ωνται | |||||
optative | καινῠοίμην | καινῠ́οιο | καινῠ́οιτο | καινῠ́οισθον | καινῠοίσθην | καινῠοίμεθᾰ | καινῠ́οισθε | καινῠ́οιντο | |||||
imperative | καίνῠσο | καινῠ́σθω | καίνῠσθον | καινῠ́σθων | καίνῠσθε | καινῠ́σθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | καίνῠσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | καινῠ́μενος | |||||||||||
f | καινῠμένη | ||||||||||||
n | καινῠ́μενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
The only attested active form is the third-person singular imperative form καινῠ́τω (kainútō).
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Imperfect: ἐκαινῠ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκαινῠ́μην | ἐκαίνῠσο | ἐκαίνῠτο | ἐκαίνῠσθον | ἐκαινῠ́σθην | ἐκαινῠ́μεθᾰ | ἐκαίνῠσθε | ἐκαίνῠντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Perfect: κέκᾰσμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κέκᾰσμαι | κέκασαι / κέκασσαι | κέκᾰσται | κέκᾰσθον | κέκᾰσθον | κεκᾰ́σμεθᾰ | κέκᾰσθε | κεκᾰ́δᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | κεκᾰσμένος ὦ | κεκᾰσμένος ᾖς | κεκᾰσμένος ᾖ | κεκᾰσμένω ἦτον | κεκᾰσμένω ἦτον | κεκᾰσμένοι ὦμεν | κεκᾰσμένοι ἦτε | κεκᾰσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκᾰσμένος εἴην | κεκᾰσμένος εἴης | κεκᾰσμένος εἴη | κεκᾰσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκᾰσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεκᾰσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεκᾰσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκᾰσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κέκᾰσο | κεκᾰ́σθω | κέκᾰσθον | κεκᾰ́σθων | κέκᾰσθε | κεκᾰ́σθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκᾰ́σθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κεκᾰσμένος | |||||||||||
f | κεκᾰσμένη | ||||||||||||
n | κεκᾰσμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κέκαδμαι | κέκᾰσαι | κέκᾰσται | κέκᾰσθον | κέκᾰσθον | κεκάδμεθα | κέκᾰσθε | κεκᾰ́δᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | κεκαδμένος ὦ | κεκαδμένος ᾖς | κεκαδμένος ᾖ | κεκαδμένω ἦτον | κεκαδμένω ἦτον | κεκαδμένοι ὦμες | κεκαδμένοι ἦτε | κεκαδμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεκαδμένος εἴην | κεκαδμένος εἴης | κεκαδμένος εἴη | κεκαδμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | κεκαδμένω εἰήτην/εἴτᾱν | κεκαδμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμες | κεκαδμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεκαδμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κέκᾰσο | κεκᾰ́σθω | κέκᾰσθον | κεκᾰ́σθων | κέκᾰσθε | κεκᾰ́σθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκᾰ́σθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κεκαδμένος | |||||||||||
f | κεκαδμένᾱ | ||||||||||||
n | κεκαδμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Pluperfect: ἐκεκᾰ́σμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκεκᾰ́σμην | ἐκέκᾰσο | ἐκέκᾰστο | ἐκέκᾰσθον | ἐκεκᾰ́σθην | ἐκεκᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐκέκᾰσθε | ἐκεκᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Pluperfect: κεκᾰ́σμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκᾰ́σμην | κέκᾰσο | κέκᾰστο | κέκᾰσθον | κεκᾰ́σθην | κεκᾰ́σμεθᾰ | κέκᾰσθε | κεκᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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References
edit- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κέκασμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “kato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 194
Further reading
edit- “καίνυμαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καίνυμαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- καίνυμαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “καίνυμαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καίνυμαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter