تمرد

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
م ر د (m-r-d)

From Proto-Semitic *marad- (“to fortify, to set up resistance; to escape, to find a means to get away; to leave one's people, to branch off or split from a group”). Cognate with Hebrew מרדנות (mardanút), Aramaic מִרְדָּא (mirdā), Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܐ (merdā), Classical Mandaic ࡌࡉࡓࡃࡀ (MYRDʾ).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ta.mar.ra.da/

Verb edit

تَمَرَّدَ • (tamarrada) V, non-past يَتَمَرَّدُ‎ (yatamarradu)

to rebel, to revolt [+عَلَى (object)]
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi
  إِذَا أَنْتَ أَكْرَمْتَ الْكَرِيمَ مَلَكْتَهُ / وَإِنْ أَنْتَ أَكْرَمْتَ اللَّئِيمَ تَمَرَّدَا
  ʔiḏā ʔanta ʔakramta l-karīma malaktahu / waʔin ʔanta ʔakramta l-laʔīma tamarradā
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:
  إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ الإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ الَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِالرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ التَّسْلِيمِ) اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو البَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ الأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.
  ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka allatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) al-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.
  For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

تَمَرَّدَ

(form-V sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَمَرُّد tamarrud
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُتَمَرِّد mutamarrid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُتَمَرَّد mutamarrad
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَمَرَّدْتُ tamarradtu	تَمَرَّدْتَ tamarradta	تَمَرَّدَ tamarrada	تَمَرَّدْتُمَا tamarradtumā	تَمَرَّدَا tamarradā	تَمَرَّدْنَا tamarradnā	تَمَرَّدْتُمْ tamarradtum	تَمَرَّدُوا tamarradū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	تَمَرَّدْتُ tamarradtu	تَمَرَّدْتِ tamarradti	تَمَرَّدَتْ tamarradat	تَمَرَّدْتُمَا tamarradtumā	تَمَرَّدَتَا tamarradatā	تَمَرَّدْنَا tamarradnā	تَمَرَّدْتُنَّ tamarradtunna	تَمَرَّدْنَ tamarradna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتَمَرَّدُ ʔatamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدُ tatamarradu	يَتَمَرَّدُ yatamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدَانِ tatamarradāni	يَتَمَرَّدَانِ yatamarradāni	نَتَمَرَّدُ natamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدُونَ tatamarradūna	يَتَمَرَّدُونَ yatamarradūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَتَمَرَّدُ ʔatamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدِينَ tatamarradīna	تَتَمَرَّدُ tatamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدَانِ tatamarradāni	تَتَمَرَّدَانِ tatamarradāni	نَتَمَرَّدُ natamarradu	تَتَمَرَّدْنَ tatamarradna	يَتَمَرَّدْنَ yatamarradna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتَمَرَّدَ ʔatamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدَ tatamarrada	يَتَمَرَّدَ yatamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	يَتَمَرَّدَا yatamarradā	نَتَمَرَّدَ natamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدُوا tatamarradū	يَتَمَرَّدُوا yatamarradū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَتَمَرَّدَ ʔatamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدِي tatamarradī	تَتَمَرَّدَ tatamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	نَتَمَرَّدَ natamarrada	تَتَمَرَّدْنَ tatamarradna	يَتَمَرَّدْنَ yatamarradna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتَمَرَّدْ ʔatamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدْ tatamarrad	يَتَمَرَّدْ yatamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	يَتَمَرَّدَا yatamarradā	نَتَمَرَّدْ natamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدُوا tatamarradū	يَتَمَرَّدُوا yatamarradū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَتَمَرَّدْ ʔatamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدِي tatamarradī	تَتَمَرَّدْ tatamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	تَتَمَرَّدَا tatamarradā	نَتَمَرَّدْ natamarrad	تَتَمَرَّدْنَ tatamarradna	يَتَمَرَّدْنَ yatamarradna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَمَرَّدْ tamarrad		تَمَرَّدَا tamarradā			تَمَرَّدُوا tamarradū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		تَمَرَّدِي tamarradī		تَمَرَّدَا tamarradā			تَمَرَّدْنَ tamarradna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تُمُرِّدَ tumurrida	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتَمَرَّدُ yutamarradu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتَمَرَّدَ yutamarrada	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتَمَرَّدْ yutamarrad	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ta.mar.rud/

Noun edit

تَمَرُّد • (tamarrud) m

verbal noun of تَمَرَّدَ (tamarrada) (form V)

Declension edit

Declension of noun تَمَرُّد (tamarrud)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَمَرُّد tamarrud	التَّمَرُّد at-tamarrud	تَمَرُّد tamarrud
Nominative	تَمَرُّدٌ tamarrudun	التَّمَرُّدُ at-tamarrudu	تَمَرُّدُ tamarrudu
Accusative	تَمَرُّدًا tamarrudan	التَّمَرُّدَ at-tamarruda	تَمَرُّدَ tamarruda
Genitive	تَمَرُّدٍ tamarrudin	التَّمَرُّدِ at-tamarrudi	تَمَرُّدِ tamarrudi

Ottoman Turkish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic تَمَرُّد (tamarrud)

Noun edit

تمرد • (temerrüt)

hardheadedness, stubbornness, obstinacy
Synonyms: اصرار (ısrar), عناد (inat)

Descendants edit

Turkish: temerrüt
→ Bulgarian: темеру́т (temerút)
→ Macedonian: темерут (temerut)
→ Serbo-Croatian: темѐрут／temèrut, темѐрутин／temèrutin

References edit

Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “تمرد”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 309a

South Levantine Arabic edit

Root
م ر د
1 term

Etymology edit

From Arabic تَمَرَّدَ (tamarrada).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /tmar.rad/, [ɪtˈmar.rad]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb edit

تمرّد • (tmarrad) V (present بتمرّد (bitmarrad))

to rebel, to revolt

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of تمرّد (tmarrad)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	تمرّدت (tmarradt)	تمرّدت (tmarradt)	تمرّد (tmarrad)	تمرّدنا (tmarradna)	تمرّدتو (tmarradtu)	تمرّدو (tmarradu)
past	f	تمرّدت (tmarradt)	تمرّدتي (tmarradti)	تمرّدت (tmarradat)	تمرّدنا (tmarradna)	تمرّدتو (tmarradtu)	تمرّدو (tmarradu)
present	m	بتمرّد (batmarrad)	بتتمرّد (btitmarrad)	بتمرّد (bitmarrad)	منتمرّد (mnitmarrad)	بتتمرّدو (btitmarradu)	بتمرّدو (bitmarradu)
present	f	بتمرّد (batmarrad)	بتتمرّدي (btitmarradi)	بتتمرّد (btitmarrad)	منتمرّد (mnitmarrad)	بتتمرّدو (btitmarradu)	بتمرّدو (bitmarradu)
subjunctive	m	اتمرّد (atmarrad)	تتمرّد (titmarrad)	يتمرّد (yitmarrad)	نتمرّد (nitmarrad)	تتمرّدو (titmarradu)	يتمرّدو (yitmarradu)
subjunctive	f	اتمرّد (atmarrad)	تتمرّدي (titmarradi)	تتمرّد (titmarrad)	نتمرّد (nitmarrad)	تتمرّدو (titmarradu)	يتمرّدو (yitmarradu)
imperative	m		تمرّد (tmarrad)			تمرّدو (tmarradu)
imperative	f		تمرّدي (tmarradi)			تمرّدو (tmarradu)