इष्टका

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ištaH

Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā)

इष्टका • (íṣṭakā) stem, f ^[3]

Feminine ā-stem declension of इष्टका (íṣṭakā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	इष्टका íṣṭakā	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टकाः íṣṭakāḥ
Vocative	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टकाः íṣṭakāḥ
Accusative	इष्टकाम् íṣṭakām	इष्टके íṣṭake	इष्टकाः íṣṭakāḥ
Instrumental	इष्टकया / इष्टका¹ íṣṭakayā / íṣṭakā¹	इष्टकाभ्याम् íṣṭakābhyām	इष्टकाभिः íṣṭakābhiḥ
Dative	इष्टकायै íṣṭakāyai	इष्टकाभ्याम् íṣṭakābhyām	इष्टकाभ्यः íṣṭakābhyaḥ
Ablative	इष्टकायाः / इष्टकायै² íṣṭakāyāḥ / íṣṭakāyai²	इष्टकाभ्याम् íṣṭakābhyām	इष्टकाभ्यः íṣṭakābhyaḥ
Genitive	इष्टकायाः / इष्टकायै² íṣṭakāyāḥ / íṣṭakāyai²	इष्टकयोः íṣṭakayoḥ	इष्टकानाम् íṣṭakānām
Locative	इष्टकायाम् íṣṭakāyām	इष्टकयोः íṣṭakayoḥ	इष्टकासु íṣṭakāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Dardic:
- Khowar: اݰٹو (ušṭu)
  - → Phalura: اݜٹو (iṣṭū́)
  - → Yazghulami: [script needed] (uštu), [script needed] (uštū)^[4]
Pali: iṭṭhakā
Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṭṭā) (see there for further descendants)
Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭagā), 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭāgā) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: ইটা (ita)
    - Bihari: ईँट (ī̃ṭ), ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)
      - Bhojpuri: ईँटि (ī̃ṭi)
      - Maithili: ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)
    - Odia: ଇଟା (iṭā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Nepali: इँट्टा (ĩṭṭā)
→ Dravidian:
- Kannada: ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (iṭṭige)
- Telugu: ఇటుక (iṭuka)
- Kolami: ఇట్కె (iṭke)
- Malayalam: ഇഷ്ടിക (iṣṭika)
- Tamil: இட்டிகை (iṭṭikai)
→ Old Javanese: iṣṭakā, wiṣṭaka
→ Thai:
- Thai: อิฐ (ìt)

^
^{The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): 2=*išt(i̯)a- `brick'
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 4
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”
^ Monier Williams (1899) “इष्टका”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/3.
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “'uštu”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page Í9Β