ἀδεῶς
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editᾰ̓δεής (adeḗs, “fearless”) + -ως (-ōs, adverbial suffix).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.de.ɔ̂ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /a.deˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /a.ðeˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /a.ðeˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /a.ðeˈos/
Adverb
editᾰ̓δεῶς • (adeôs) (comparative ᾰ̓δεέστερον, no superlative) (Attic, Ionic)
- without fear, fearlessly, confidently
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.1.2:
- τῆς γὰρ ἐμπορίας οὐκ οὔσης, οὐδ’ ἐπιμειγνύντες ἀδεῶς ἀλλήλοις οὔτε κατὰ γῆν οὔτε διὰ θαλάσσης
- tês gàr emporías ouk oúsēs, oud’ epimeignúntes adeôs allḗlois oúte katà gên oúte dià thalássēs
- For there being no commerce, and not being secure in their dealings with one another by land or sea
- τῆς γὰρ ἐμπορίας οὐκ οὔσης, οὐδ’ ἐπιμειγνύντες ἀδεῶς ἀλλήλοις οὔτε κατὰ γῆν οὔτε διὰ θαλάσσης
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.92.5:
- εἰώθασί τε οἱ ἰσχύος που θράσει τοῖς πέλας, ὥσπερ Ἀθηναῖοι νῦν, ἐπιόντες τὸν μὲν ἡσυχάζοντα καὶ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ μόνον ἀμυνόμενον ἀδεέστερον ἐπιστρατεύειν, τὸν δὲ ἔξω ὅρων προαπαντῶντα καί, ἢν καιρὸς ᾖ, πολέμου ἄρχοντα ἧσσον ἑτοίμως κατέχειν.
- eiṓthasí te hoi iskhúos pou thrásei toîs pélas, hṓsper Athēnaîoi nûn, epióntes tòn mèn hēsukházonta kaì en têi heautoû mónon amunómenon adeésteron epistrateúein, tòn dè éxō hórōn proapantônta kaí, ḕn kairòs êi, polémou árkhonta hêsson hetoímōs katékhein.
- Translation by J. M. Dent
- Besides, people who, like the Athenians in the present instance, are tempted by pride of strength to attack their neighbours, usually march most confidently against those who keep still, and only defend themselves in their own country, but think twice before they grapple with those who meet them outside their frontier and strike the first blow if opportunity offers.
- εἰώθασί τε οἱ ἰσχύος που θράσει τοῖς πέλας, ὥσπερ Ἀθηναῖοι νῦν, ἐπιόντες τὸν μὲν ἡσυχάζοντα καὶ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ μόνον ἀμυνόμενον ἀδεέστερον ἐπιστρατεύειν, τὸν δὲ ἔξω ὅρων προαπαντῶντα καί, ἢν καιρὸς ᾖ, πολέμου ἄρχοντα ἧσσον ἑτοίμως κατέχειν.
Further reading
edit- “ἀδεής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press