ἱδρόω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἱδρώσσω (hidrṓssō)
• ἱδρώττω (hidrṓttō) — Attic

Etymology

From ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat”) +‎ -όω (-óō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hi.dró.ɔː/ → /iˈðro.o/ → /iˈðro.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hi.dró.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)iˈdro.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈðro.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈðro.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈðro.o/

Verb

ἱδρόω • (hidróō)

1. to sweat, perspire
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 867b34
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.388
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.27
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.119
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.372
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.39

Inflection

   Present: ῐ̔δρῶ (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̔δρῶ	ῐ̔δροῖς	ῐ̔δροῖ	ῐ̔δροῦτον	ῐ̔δροῦτον	ῐ̔δροῦμεν	ῐ̔δροῦτε	ῐ̔δροῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῐ̔δρῶ	ῐ̔δροῖς	ῐ̔δροῖ	ῐ̔δρῶτον	ῐ̔δρῶτον	ῐ̔δρῶμεν	ῐ̔δρῶτε	ῐ̔δρῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̔δροίην, ῐ̔δροῖμῐ	ῐ̔δροίης, ῐ̔δροῖς	ῐ̔δροίη, ῐ̔δροῖ	ῐ̔δροῖτον, ῐ̔δροίητον	ῐ̔δροίτην, ῐ̔δροιήτην	ῐ̔δροῖμεν, ῐ̔δροίημεν	ῐ̔δροῖτε, ῐ̔δροίητε	ῐ̔δροῖεν, ῐ̔δροίησᾰν
	imperative		ῐ̔́δρου	ῐ̔δρούτω	ῐ̔δροῦτον	ῐ̔δρούτων		ῐ̔δροῦτε	ῐ̔δρούντων
		active
infinitive		ῐ̔δροῦν
participle	m	ῐ̔δρῶν
	f	ῐ̔δροῦσᾰ
	n	ῐ̔δροῦν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ῑ̔́δρουν (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῑ̔́δρουν	ῑ̔́δρους	ῑ̔́δρου	ῑ̔δροῦτον	ῑ̔δρούτην	ῑ̔δροῦμεν	ῑ̔δροῦτε	ῑ̔́δρουν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ῐ̔δρώσω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̔δρώσω	ῐ̔δρώσεις	ῐ̔δρώσει	ῐ̔δρώσετον	ῐ̔δρώσετον	ῐ̔δρώσομεν	ῐ̔δρώσετε	ῐ̔δρώσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̔δρώσοιμῐ	ῐ̔δρώσοις	ῐ̔δρώσοι	ῐ̔δρώσοιτον	ῐ̔δρωσοίτην	ῐ̔δρώσοιμεν	ῐ̔δρώσοιτε	ῐ̔δρώσοιεν
		active
infinitive		ῐ̔δρώσειν
participle	m	ῐ̔δρώσων
	f	ῐ̔δρώσουσᾰ
	n	ῐ̔δρῶσον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ῑ̔́δρωσᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῑ̔́δρωσᾰ	ῑ̔́δρωσᾰς	ῑ̔́δρωσε(ν)	ῑ̔δρώσᾰτον	ῑ̔δρωσᾰ́την	ῑ̔δρώσᾰμεν	ῑ̔δρώσᾰτε	ῑ̔́δρωσᾰν
	subjunctive	ῐ̔δρώσω	ῐ̔δρώσῃς	ῐ̔δρώσῃ	ῐ̔δρώσητον	ῐ̔δρώσητον	ῐ̔δρώσωμεν	ῐ̔δρώσητε	ῐ̔δρώσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̔δρώσαιμῐ	ῐ̔δρώσειᾰς, ῐ̔δρώσαις	ῐ̔δρώσειε(ν), ῐ̔δρώσαι	ῐ̔δρώσαιτον	ῐ̔δρωσαίτην	ῐ̔δρώσαιμεν	ῐ̔δρώσαιτε	ῐ̔δρώσειᾰν, ῐ̔δρώσαιεν
	imperative		ῐ̔́δρωσον	ῐ̔δρωσᾰ́τω	ῐ̔δρώσᾰτον	ῐ̔δρωσᾰ́των		ῐ̔δρώσᾰτε	ῐ̔δρωσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ῐ̔δρῶσαι
participle	m	ῐ̔δρώσᾱς
	f	ῐ̔δρώσᾱσᾰ
	n	ῐ̔δρῶσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ῑ̔́δρωκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῑ̔́δρωκᾰ	ῑ̔́δρωκᾰς	ῑ̔́δρωκε(ν)	ῑ̔δρώκᾰτον	ῑ̔δρώκᾰτον	ῑ̔δρώκᾰμεν	ῑ̔δρώκᾰτε	ῑ̔δρώκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῑ̔δρώκω	ῑ̔δρώκῃς	ῑ̔δρώκῃ	ῑ̔δρώκητον	ῑ̔δρώκητον	ῑ̔δρώκωμεν	ῑ̔δρώκητε	ῑ̔δρώκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̔δρώκοιμῐ, ῑ̔δρωκοίην	ῑ̔δρώκοις, ῑ̔δρωκοίης	ῑ̔δρώκοι, ῑ̔δρωκοίη	ῑ̔δρώκοιτον	ῑ̔δρωκοίτην	ῑ̔δρώκοιμεν	ῑ̔δρώκοιτε	ῑ̔δρώκοιεν
	imperative		ῑ̔́δρωκε	ῑ̔δρωκέτω	ῑ̔δρώκετον	ῑ̔δρωκέτων		ῑ̔δρώκετε	ῑ̔δρωκόντων
		active
infinitive		ῑ̔δρωκέναι
participle	m	ῑ̔δρωκώς
	f	ῑ̔δρωκυῖᾰ
	n	ῑ̔δρωκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ῑ̔δρώκειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῑ̔δρώκειν, ῑ̔δρώκη	ῑ̔δρώκεις, ῑ̔δρώκης	ῑ̔δρώκει(ν)	ῑ̔δρώκετον	ῑ̔δρωκέτην	ῑ̔δρώκεμεν	ῑ̔δρώκετε	ῑ̔δρώκεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ῑ̔́δρωμαι (Perfect passive attested at least once)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔́δρωμαι	ῑ̔́δρωσαι	ῑ̔́δρωται	ῑ̔́δρωσθον	ῑ̔́δρωσθον	ῑ̔δρώμεθᾰ	ῑ̔́δρωσθε	ῑ̔́δρωνται
	subjunctive	ῑ̔δρωμένος ὦ	ῑ̔δρωμένος ᾖς	ῑ̔δρωμένος ᾖ	ῑ̔δρωμένω ἦτον	ῑ̔δρωμένω ἦτον	ῑ̔δρωμένοι ὦμεν	ῑ̔δρωμένοι ἦτε	ῑ̔δρωμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῑ̔δρωμένος εἴην	ῑ̔δρωμένος εἴης	ῑ̔δρωμένος εἴη	ῑ̔δρωμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ῑ̔δρωμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ῑ̔δρωμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ῑ̔δρωμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ῑ̔δρωμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ῑ̔́δρωσο	ῑ̔δρώσθω	ῑ̔́δρωσθον	ῑ̔δρώσθων		ῑ̔́δρωσθε	ῑ̔δρώσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̔δρῶσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̔δρωμένος
	f					ῑ̔δρωμένη
	n					ῑ̔δρωμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀνιδρόω (anidróō)
• ἀφιδρόω (aphidróō)
• διϊδρόω (diïdróō)
• ἐνιδρόω (enidróō)
• ἐξιδρόω (exidróō)
• ἐφιδρόω (ephidróō)
• ἵδρωσις (hídrōsis)
• περιϊδρόω (periïdróō)
• προϊδρόω (proïdróō)
• συνιδρόω (sunidróō)
• ὑφιδρόω (huphidróō)

Related terms

• ἀνίδρωτος (anídrōtos)
• ἱδροσύνη (hidrosúnē)
• ἱδρωτήριον (hidrōtḗrion)
• ἱδρωτικός (hidrōtikós)

References

• “ἱδρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἱδρόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἱδρόω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἱδρόω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἱδρόω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963