두렵다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 두립〮다〮 (Yale: twùlíptá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tuɾjʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [두렵따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	duryeopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	dulyeobda
McCune–Reischauer?	turyŏpta
Yale Romanization?	twulyepta

Adjective

두렵다 • (duryeopda) (irregular, infinitive 두려워, sequential 두려우니)

1. to be fearful, to be scared

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 두렵다 (duryeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	두렵다 duryeopda	두려워 duryeowo	두려워요 duryeowoyo	두렵습니다 duryeopseumnida
	Past	두려웠다 duryeowotda	두려웠어 duryeowosseo	두려웠어요 duryeowosseoyo	두려웠습니다 duryeowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	두려우냐 duryeounya	두려워 duryeowo	두려워요 duryeowoyo	두렵습니까 duryeopseumnikka
	Past	두려웠냐 duryeowonnya	두려웠어 duryeowosseo	두려웠어요 duryeowosseoyo	두려웠습니까 duryeowotseumnikka
Assertive		두렵겠다 duryeopgetda	두렵겠어 duryeopgesseo	두렵겠어요 duryeopgesseoyo	두렵겠습니다 duryeopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		두려워 duryeowo	두려워서 duryeowoseo	두려우니 duryeouni	두려우니까 duryeounikka
Contrast		두렵지만 duryeopjiman	두려운데 duryeounde	두렵더니 duryeopdeoni
Conjunction		두렵고 duryeopgo
Condition		두려우면 duryeoumyeon	두려워야 duryeowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		두려움 duryeoum	두렵기 duryeopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		두려웠음 duryeowosseum	두려웠기 duryeowotgi
Determiners	Present		두려운 duryeoun
	Future		두려울 duryeoul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	두려우시다 duryeousida	두려우셔 duryeousyeo	두려우세요, 두려우셔요 duryeouseyo, duryeousyeoyo	두려우십니다 duryeousimnida
	Past	두려우셨다 duryeousyeotda	두려우셨어 duryeousyeosseo	두려우셨어요 duryeousyeosseoyo	두려우셨습니다 duryeousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	두려우시냐 duryeousinya	두려우셔 duryeousyeo	두려우세요, 두려우셔요 duryeouseyo, duryeousyeoyo	두려우십니까 duryeousimnikka
	Past	두려우셨냐 duryeousyeonnya	두려우셨어 duryeousyeosseo	두려우셨어요 duryeousyeosseoyo	두려우셨습니까 duryeousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		두려우시겠다 duryeousigetda	두려우시겠어 duryeousigesseo	두려우시겠어요 duryeousigesseoyo	두려우시겠습니다 duryeousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		두려우셔 duryeousyeo	두려우셔서 duryeousyeoseo	두려우시니 duryeousini	두려우시니까 duryeousinikka
Contrast		두려우시지만 duryeousijiman	두려우신데 duryeousinde	두려우시더니 duryeousideoni
Conjunction		두려우시고 duryeousigo
Condition		두려우시면 duryeousimyeon	두려우셔야 duryeousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		두려우심 duryeousim	두려우시기 duryeousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		두려우셨음 duryeousyeosseum	두려우셨기 duryeousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		두려우신 duryeousin
	Future		두려우실 duryeousil

Synonyms

• 무섭다 (museopda)

References

• National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 7 (last accessed)) “두렵다 [duryeopda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎^[1]