어둡다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 어듭다 (Yale: etupta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʌ̹dup̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [어둡따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	eodupda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	eodubda
McCune–Reischauer?	ŏdupta
Yale Romanization?	etwupta

Adjective

어둡다 • (eodupda) (irregular, infinitive 어두워, sequential 어두우니)

1. (to be) dark

   복사물이 아주 어둡게 나오는군요.

   boksamuri aju eodupge naoneun'gunyo.

   Copies are coming out really dark.

2. (to be) gloomy

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 어둡다 (eodupda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어둡다 eodupda	어두워 eoduwo	어두워요 eoduwoyo	어둡습니다 eodupseumnida
	Past	어두웠다 eoduwotda	어두웠어 eoduwosseo	어두웠어요 eoduwosseoyo	어두웠습니다 eoduwotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어두우냐 eoduunya	어두워 eoduwo	어두워요 eoduwoyo	어둡습니까 eodupseumnikka
	Past	어두웠냐 eoduwonnya	어두웠어 eoduwosseo	어두웠어요 eoduwosseoyo	어두웠습니까 eoduwotseumnikka
Assertive		어둡겠다 eodupgetda	어둡겠어 eodupgesseo	어둡겠어요 eodupgesseoyo	어둡겠습니다 eodupgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		어두워 eoduwo	어두워서 eoduwoseo	어두우니 eoduuni	어두우니까 eoduunikka
Contrast		어둡지만 eodupjiman	어두운데 eoduunde	어둡더니 eodupdeoni
Conjunction		어둡고 eodupgo
Condition		어두우면 eoduumyeon	어두워야 eoduwoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		어두움 eoduum	어둡기 eodupgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어두웠음 eoduwosseum	어두웠기 eoduwotgi
Determiners	Present		어두운 eoduun
	Future		어두울 eoduul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어두우시다 eoduusida	어두우셔 eoduusyeo	어두우세요, 어두우셔요 eoduuseyo, eoduusyeoyo	어두우십니다 eoduusimnida
	Past	어두우셨다 eoduusyeotda	어두우셨어 eoduusyeosseo	어두우셨어요 eoduusyeosseoyo	어두우셨습니다 eoduusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어두우시냐 eoduusinya	어두우셔 eoduusyeo	어두우세요, 어두우셔요 eoduuseyo, eoduusyeoyo	어두우십니까 eoduusimnikka
	Past	어두우셨냐 eoduusyeonnya	어두우셨어 eoduusyeosseo	어두우셨어요 eoduusyeosseoyo	어두우셨습니까 eoduusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		어두우시겠다 eoduusigetda	어두우시겠어 eoduusigesseo	어두우시겠어요 eoduusigesseoyo	어두우시겠습니다 eoduusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		어두우셔 eoduusyeo	어두우셔서 eoduusyeoseo	어두우시니 eoduusini	어두우시니까 eoduusinikka
Contrast		어두우시지만 eoduusijiman	어두우신데 eoduusinde	어두우시더니 eoduusideoni
Conjunction		어두우시고 eoduusigo
Condition		어두우시면 eoduusimyeon	어두우셔야 eoduusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		어두우심 eoduusim	어두우시기 eoduusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어두우셨음 eoduusyeosseum	어두우셨기 eoduusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		어두우신 eoduusin
	Future		어두우실 eoduusil

References

• National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 15 (last accessed)) “어둡다 [eodupda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎^[1]