정숙하다
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
정숙(貞淑) (jeongsuk) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋsʰukʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [정수카다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jeongsukhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jeongsughada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chŏngsukhada |
| Yale Romanization? | cengswuk.hata |
Adjective edit
정숙하다 • (jeongsukhada) (infinitive 정숙해 or 정숙하여, sequential 정숙하니)
- chaste
- 2012, “Gangnam Style”, performed by PSY:
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 정숙하다 jeongsukhada |
정숙해 jeongsukhae |
정숙해요 jeongsukhaeyo |
정숙합니다 jeongsukhamnida |
| Past | 정숙했다 jeongsukhaetda |
정숙했어 jeongsukhaesseo |
정숙했어요 jeongsukhaesseoyo |
정숙했습니다 jeongsukhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 정숙하냐 jeongsukhanya |
정숙해 jeongsukhae |
정숙해요 jeongsukhaeyo |
정숙합니까 jeongsukhamnikka |
| Past | 정숙했냐 jeongsukhaennya |
정숙했어 jeongsukhaesseo |
정숙했어요 jeongsukhaesseoyo |
정숙했습니까 jeongsukhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 정숙하겠다 jeongsukhagetda |
정숙하겠어 jeongsukhagesseo |
정숙하겠어요 jeongsukhagesseoyo |
정숙하겠습니다 jeongsukhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 정숙해 jeongsukhae |
정숙해서, 정숙하여서 jeongsukhaeseo, jeongsukhayeoseo |
정숙하니 jeongsukhani |
정숙하니까 jeongsukhanikka | |
| Contrast | 정숙하지만 jeongsukhajiman |
정숙한데 jeongsukhande |
정숙하더니 jeongsukhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 정숙하고 jeongsukhago |
||||
| Condition | 정숙하면 jeongsukhamyeon |
정숙해야, 정숙하여야 jeongsukhaeya, jeongsukhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 정숙함 jeongsukham |
정숙하기 jeongsukhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 정숙했음, 정숙하였음 jeongsukhaesseum, jeongsukhayeosseum |
정숙했기, 정숙하였기 jeongsukhaetgi, jeongsukhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 정숙한 jeongsukhan | |||
| Future | 정숙할 jeongsukhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 정숙하시다 jeongsukhasida |
정숙하셔 jeongsukhasyeo |
정숙하세요, 정숙하셔요 jeongsukhaseyo, jeongsukhasyeoyo |
정숙하십니다 jeongsukhasimnida |
| Past | 정숙하셨다 jeongsukhasyeotda |
정숙하셨어 jeongsukhasyeosseo |
정숙하셨어요 jeongsukhasyeosseoyo |
정숙하셨습니다 jeongsukhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 정숙하시냐 jeongsukhasinya |
정숙하셔 jeongsukhasyeo |
정숙하세요, 정숙하셔요 jeongsukhaseyo, jeongsukhasyeoyo |
정숙하십니까 jeongsukhasimnikka |
| Past | 정숙하셨냐 jeongsukhasyeonnya |
정숙하셨어 jeongsukhasyeosseo |
정숙하셨어요 jeongsukhasyeosseoyo |
정숙하셨습니까 jeongsukhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 정숙하시겠다 jeongsukhasigetda |
정숙하시겠어 jeongsukhasigesseo |
정숙하시겠어요 jeongsukhasigesseoyo |
정숙하시겠습니다 jeongsukhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 정숙하셔 jeongsukhasyeo |
정숙하셔서 jeongsukhasyeoseo |
정숙하시니 jeongsukhasini |
정숙하시니까 jeongsukhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 정숙하시지만 jeongsukhasijiman |
정숙하신데 jeongsukhasinde |
정숙하시더니 jeongsukhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 정숙하시고 jeongsukhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 정숙하시면 jeongsukhasimyeon |
정숙하셔야 jeongsukhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 정숙하심 jeongsukhasim |
정숙하시기 jeongsukhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 정숙하셨음 jeongsukhasyeosseum |
정숙하셨기 jeongsukhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 정숙하신 jeongsukhasin | |||
| Future | 정숙하실 jeongsukhasil | ||||
Etymology 2 edit
정숙(靜肅) (jeongsuk) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋsʰukʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [정수카다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jeongsukhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jeongsughada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chŏngsukhada |
| Yale Romanization? | cengswuk.hata |
Adjective edit
정숙하다 • (jeongsukhada) (infinitive 정숙해 or 정숙하여, sequential 정숙하니)
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 정숙하다 jeongsukhada |
정숙해 jeongsukhae |
정숙해요 jeongsukhaeyo |
정숙합니다 jeongsukhamnida |
| Past | 정숙했다 jeongsukhaetda |
정숙했어 jeongsukhaesseo |
정숙했어요 jeongsukhaesseoyo |
정숙했습니다 jeongsukhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 정숙하냐 jeongsukhanya |
정숙해 jeongsukhae |
정숙해요 jeongsukhaeyo |
정숙합니까 jeongsukhamnikka |
| Past | 정숙했냐 jeongsukhaennya |
정숙했어 jeongsukhaesseo |
정숙했어요 jeongsukhaesseoyo |
정숙했습니까 jeongsukhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 정숙하겠다 jeongsukhagetda |
정숙하겠어 jeongsukhagesseo |
정숙하겠어요 jeongsukhagesseoyo |
정숙하겠습니다 jeongsukhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 정숙해 jeongsukhae |
정숙해서, 정숙하여서 jeongsukhaeseo, jeongsukhayeoseo |
정숙하니 jeongsukhani |
정숙하니까 jeongsukhanikka | |
| Contrast | 정숙하지만 jeongsukhajiman |
정숙한데 jeongsukhande |
정숙하더니 jeongsukhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 정숙하고 jeongsukhago |
||||
| Condition | 정숙하면 jeongsukhamyeon |
정숙해야, 정숙하여야 jeongsukhaeya, jeongsukhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 정숙함 jeongsukham |
정숙하기 jeongsukhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 정숙했음, 정숙하였음 jeongsukhaesseum, jeongsukhayeosseum |
정숙했기, 정숙하였기 jeongsukhaetgi, jeongsukhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 정숙한 jeongsukhan | |||
| Future | 정숙할 jeongsukhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 정숙하시다 jeongsukhasida |
정숙하셔 jeongsukhasyeo |
정숙하세요, 정숙하셔요 jeongsukhaseyo, jeongsukhasyeoyo |
정숙하십니다 jeongsukhasimnida |
| Past | 정숙하셨다 jeongsukhasyeotda |
정숙하셨어 jeongsukhasyeosseo |
정숙하셨어요 jeongsukhasyeosseoyo |
정숙하셨습니다 jeongsukhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 정숙하시냐 jeongsukhasinya |
정숙하셔 jeongsukhasyeo |
정숙하세요, 정숙하셔요 jeongsukhaseyo, jeongsukhasyeoyo |
정숙하십니까 jeongsukhasimnikka |
| Past | 정숙하셨냐 jeongsukhasyeonnya |
정숙하셨어 jeongsukhasyeosseo |
정숙하셨어요 jeongsukhasyeosseoyo |
정숙하셨습니까 jeongsukhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 정숙하시겠다 jeongsukhasigetda |
정숙하시겠어 jeongsukhasigesseo |
정숙하시겠어요 jeongsukhasigesseoyo |
정숙하시겠습니다 jeongsukhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 정숙하셔 jeongsukhasyeo |
정숙하셔서 jeongsukhasyeoseo |
정숙하시니 jeongsukhasini |
정숙하시니까 jeongsukhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 정숙하시지만 jeongsukhasijiman |
정숙하신데 jeongsukhasinde |
정숙하시더니 jeongsukhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 정숙하시고 jeongsukhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 정숙하시면 jeongsukhasimyeon |
정숙하셔야 jeongsukhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 정숙하심 jeongsukhasim |
정숙하시기 jeongsukhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 정숙하셨음 jeongsukhasyeosseum |
정숙하셨기 jeongsukhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 정숙하신 jeongsukhasin | |||
| Future | 정숙하실 jeongsukhasil | ||||