𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁

Old Persian edit

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Chorasmia

Alternative forms edit

𐏃𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (h-u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š) (dialect variant)

Etymology edit

Literally "dark-soiled land",^[1] from *(h)uvāra- (“dark”) + *zmī- (“land”). Derived from an earlier form 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /⁠ʰUvārazmī-⁠/), itself cognate with the East Iranian form *Xvārazmī- (C.f.Avestan 𐬓𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬰𐬆𐬨 (xᵛāⁱrizəm, “Chorasmia”)). More at Khwarazm.

Proper noun edit

𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰUvārazmiš/)

Chorasmia

Derived terms edit

𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /⁠ʰUvārazmiya-⁠/, “Chorasmian”)

Descendants edit

(taking Old Persian as representative for all Old Iranian):

Middle Persian: (/⁠Xwārazm⁠/)
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭥𐭥𐭦𐭬 (ḥwrzm)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwʾlcm)

Pazend script: 𐬓𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬨 (xᵛārazm)
- Classical Persian: خوارزم (Xwārazm)
  Dari: خوارزم (Xārazm)
  
  Tajik: Хоразм (Xorazm)
  Iranian Persian: خوارزم (Xārazm)
  - → Arabic: خَوَارِزْم (ḵawārizm)
  - → Armenian: Խորեզմ (Xorezm)
  - → Azerbaijani: Xarəzm
  - → English: Khwarazm
  - → Kazakh: Хорезм (Xorezm)
  - → Russian: Хоре́зм (Xorézm)
  - → Turkish: Harezm
  - → Turkmen: Horezm
  - → Uzbek: Xorazm
→ Ancient Greek: Χορασμία (Khorasmía)
- → Latin: Chorasmia
  - French: Chorasmie
  - Italian: Corasmia
  - → English: Chorasmia
→ Egyptian:
Late Egyptian:

(ḫꜣrwsꜣmj),^[2]^[1]

(ḫꜣrwsꜣm)^[3]
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒊏𒆜𒈪𒆜 (ma-ra-iš-mi-iš /⁠Maraišmiš⁠/), 𒈠𒊏𒄑𒈠 (ma-ra-iz-ma /⁠Maraizma⁠/)^[1]
→ Parthian: (/⁠Xwārazm⁠/)
Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭆𐭌 (ḥwrzm)
- → Old Armenian: Խվարեզմ (Xvarezm)

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN
^ Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject R11, ch3rs3m' (OP. Uvârazmîy = Chorasmia), Livius.org
^ Posener, Georges (1936) La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 184

[tavernier-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN

[2] Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject R11, ch3rs3m' (OP. Uvârazmîy = Chorasmia), Livius.org

[3] Posener, Georges (1936) La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 184

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