𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa, “cause, reason, factor”), ultimately from the root कृ (kṛ). Cognate with Pali kāraṇa.

Noun

𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) n

1. purpose, cause

Alternative forms

Attested at Girnar.

Dialectal forms of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (“purpose, cause”)
Variety	Location	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀦 (kālana)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀦 (kālana)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨐𐨪𐨞 (karaṇa)
West	Girnar	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (“purpose, cause”)
𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀦 (kālana) (2) 𐨐𐨪𐨞 (karaṇa) (1) 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (1)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Pali

Alternative scripts

Alternative forms

• kāraṇa (Latin script)
• कारण (Devanagari script)
• কারণ (Bengali script)
• කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
• ကာရဏ or ၵႃရꧣ (Burmese script)
• การณ or การะณะ (Thai script)
• ᨠᩣᩁᨱ (Tai Tham script)
• ກາຣຓ or ກາຣະຓະ (Lao script)
• ការណ (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄂𑄢𑄕 (Chakma script)

Noun

𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 n

1. Brahmi script form of kāraṇa

Declension

Declension table of "𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kāraṇāni)
Accusative (second)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kāraṇāni)
Instrumental (third)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀦 (kāraṇena)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀪𑀺 (kāraṇebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāraṇassa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀬 (kāraṇāya) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (kāraṇatthaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀁 (kāraṇānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (kāraṇasmā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (kāraṇamhā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀪𑀺 (kāraṇebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāraṇassa)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀁 (kāraṇānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (kāraṇasmiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇamhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂 (kāraṇe)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāraṇesu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀦𑀺 (kāraṇāni)

Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa).

Noun

𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) n (Devanagari कारण)

1. cause, reason, purpose
2. means

Declension

Magadhi declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡 (kāraṇeṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇeṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāraṇehiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kāraṇādo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇatto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kāraṇādu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇaśuṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇāhiṃto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇatto) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑁄 (kāraṇādo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀤𑀼 (kāraṇādu)
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀰𑁆𑀰 (kāraṇaśśa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳 (kāraṇāha)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇāṇaṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀁 (kāraṇāhaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂 (kāraṇe) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇamhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāraṇammi)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀰𑀼 (kāraṇeśu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀰𑀼𑀁 (kāraṇeśuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ)

Maharastri declension of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (kāraṇāi)
Accusative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (kāraṇāi)
Instrumental	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡 (kāraṇeṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇeṇaṃ)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇehi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (kāraṇehiṃ)
Dative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀅 (kāraṇāa)	—
Ablative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀑 (kāraṇāo) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀉 (kāraṇāu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺 (kāraṇāhi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (kāraṇāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 (kāraṇassa)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡 (kāraṇāṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀡𑀁 (kāraṇāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (kāraṇammi) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂 (kāraṇe)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 (kāraṇesu) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (kāraṇesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸 (kāraṇā)	𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇𑀁 (kāraṇāiṃ) or 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡𑀸𑀇 (kāraṇāi)

Descendants

• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: කරුණ (karuṇa)
• Khasa Prakrit:
  • Nepali: कारण (kāraṇ)
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: কাৰণ (karon)
  • Bengali: কারণ (karon)
  • Maithili: kāraṇ

    Devanagari script: कारण

    Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒝

  • Odia: କାରଣ (karôṇô)
  • Rajbanshi: कारन
• Maharastri Prakrit:
  • Konkani: kāraṇ

    Devanagari script: कारण

    Kannada script: ಕಾರಣ್

    Latin script: karonn

  • Old Marathi: kāraṇa

    Devanagari script: कारण

    Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜

    • Marathi: कारण (kāraṇ)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Old Punjabi: ਕਾਰਣੁ (kāraṇu), ਕਾਰਨੁ (kāranu)
    • Punjabi: kāran

      Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਰਨ

      Shahmukhi script: کارَن

  • Sindhi:

    Arabic script: ڪارَڻُ

    Devanagari script: कारणु

• Sauraseni Prakrit:
  • Gurjar Apabhramsa:
    • Old Gujarati: कारण (kāraṇa)
      • Gujarati: કારણ (kāraṇ)

        Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: کارن (kāran)

      • Marwari: कारण (kāraṇ)
  • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Old Hindi: कारंण (kārãṇ)

Further reading

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) “कारण”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কাৰণ (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬵᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
• কারণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰯𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• ကာရဏ (Burmese script)
• कारण (Devanagari script)
• કારણ (Gujarati script)
• ਕਾਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌾𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦴꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂰𑂩𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಾರಣ (Kannada script)
• ការណ (Khmer script)
• ກາຣຓ (Lao script)
• കാരണ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧑𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
• କାରଣ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢵꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖯𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
• කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩛𑩼𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚭𑚤𑚘 (Takri script)
• காரண (Tamil script)
• కారణ (Telugu script)
• การณ (Thai script)
• ཀཱ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨊𑨫𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Noun

𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 • (kāraṇa) stem, n

1. Brahmi script form of कारण