-TŁʼIS

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *tł’əts’ (“to be hard, solid”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ʼitlʼiitsʼ (“it hardens, coagulates”).

Root

-TŁʼIS

1. to harden, to compact

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
∅	?	S hardens biʼniitłʼis (MOM) yitłʼis ↳ hatłʼiz	S hardens O yiʼniiłtłʼis yiłtłʼis ↳ hałtłʼiz
∅	adjectival	S is hard, stiff nitłʼiz (NEUT) ↳ hótłʼiz

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tłʼis	-tłʼis	-tłʼis	-tłʼis	-tłʼis
NEUT	-tłʼiz	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

hard, firm:

• -KʼĮ́H
• -TSʼIN

to stiffen, harden:

• -DZIL

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁʼIS (hard)