English: 1888 reproduction of the medieval Venetian manuscript
Marcianus graecus 299, folio 6. Translation:
Scientific symbols that are found in the technical writings of the philosophers; they are above all the symbols of what they call mystical philosophy
[left column]:
gold (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sun_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Sun_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
), gold filings (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gold_filings_symbol.svg/16px-Gold_filings_symbol.svg.png)
), gold leaf/foil, calcinated/refined gold (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Calcinated_gold_symbol.svg/16px-Calcinated_gold_symbol.svg.png)
),
(5) electrum (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Electrum_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Electrum_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png)
), gold solder (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Marcasite_symbol.svg/16px-Marcasite_symbol.svg.png)
), gold alloy (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gold_alloy_symbol.svg/16px-Gold_alloy_symbol.svg.png)
), silver (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png)
), silver ore (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Silver_ore_symbol.svg/16px-Silver_ore_symbol.svg.png)
),
(10) silver shavings (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Silver_filings_symbol.svg/16px-Silver_filings_symbol.svg.png)
), silver foil, silver solder (+ a second symbol), calcinated/refined silver (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Calcinated_silver_symbol.svg/16px-Calcinated_silver_symbol.svg.png)
), Cypriot copper (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Calcinated_copper_symbol.svg/16px-Calcinated_copper_symbol.svg.png)
),
(15) copper ore (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Oberon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Oberon_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png)
), copper filings (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Copper_filings_symbol.svg/16px-Copper_filings_symbol.svg.png)
), copper foil, calcinated/oxidized copper (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Calcinated_copper_symbol.svg/16px-Calcinated_copper_symbol.svg.png)
), verdigris (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Verdigris_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Verdigris_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
),
(20) orichalcum ("mountain copper", an unknown alloy later identified as brass), iron (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mars_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Mars_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
) (+ a second symbol), iron ore [duplicates previous; would expect
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Iron_ore_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Iron_ore_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
], iron filings (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Iron_filings_symbol.svg/16px-Iron_filings_symbol.svg.png)
), iron foil,
(25) iron rust [= iron ore?] , lead (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aqua_fortis_symbol.svg/16px-Aqua_fortis_symbol.svg.png)
);
[right column]:
Sun - gold (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sun_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Sun_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
), Moon - silver (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png)
), bright Saturn - lead (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Aqua_fortis_symbol.svg/16px-Aqua_fortis_symbol.svg.png)
), resplendent Jupiter - electrum (Ƶ),
(5) flaming Mars - iron (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mars_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Mars_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
), shining Venus - copper (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Neuter_symbol.svg/16px-Neuter_symbol.svg.png)
), bright Mercury - tin (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mercury_symbol_%28Classical%29.svg/16px-Mercury_symbol_%28Classical%29.svg.png)
),
[lines 8–9 blank]
(10) lead ore (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lead_ore_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Lead_ore_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
), molybdochalkos (lead-copper alloy), lead filings (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lead_filings_symbol.svg/16px-Lead_filings_symbol.svg.png)
), calcinated lead (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Calcinated_lead_symbol.svg/16px-Calcinated_lead_symbol.svg.png)
), tin (+ a variant form) (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mercury_symbol_%28Classical%29.svg/16px-Mercury_symbol_%28Classical%29.svg.png)
),
(15) tin ore (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tin_ore_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg/16px-Tin_ore_symbol_%28medieval%29.svg.png)
), tin filings (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tin_filings_symbol.svg/16px-Tin_filings_symbol.svg.png)
), tin foil, calcinated tin (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Calcinated_tin_symbol.svg/16px-Calcinated_tin_symbol.svg.png)
), mercury (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Moon_crescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Moon_crescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png)
),
(20) 'fog' (condensed vapour) (Ⲛꙴ ), white concretion (coagulum, Ⲗ☾), yellow concretion (Ⲛꙴ
🜚︎), litharge (
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Stone_symbol.svg/16px-Stone_symbol.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Moon_decrescent_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png)
), incombustible sulfur,
(25) sulfur, native sulfur, selenite (Ⲫ☾)